With the tremendous progress made in establishing the relative role of the external or the environmental causes of disease, the individual or genetic differences are assuming increasing importance. Periodontal bone loss from periodontitis may be either horizontal, resulting in a regular alveolar crest at a level more apical to the normal, or vertical, leading to the formation of defects contain...

This article reviews the effects of smoked and smokeless tobacco on periodontal status, including the impact of smoking on periodontal therapy and potential mechanisms for the adverse effects of tobacco on the periodontium. Approximately half of periodontitis cases have been attributed to either current or former smoking. Both cigar and cigarette smokers have significantly greater loss of bone ...

Furcation lesions are associated with increased risk of progressive loss of connective tissue attachment, alveolar bone resorption, and tooth mortality (Bjorn and Hjort, 1982; Becker et al, 1984; Wang et al, 1994; Wood et al, 1989; Hirshfield and Wasserman, 1978; McFall, 1982; Carranza and Jolkovsky, 1991), representing one of the greatest challenges in periodontal therapy. Surgical management ...

Introduction Because of ageing and loss of teeth, alveolar bone volume has a tendency to decrease, contrary to basal bone volume which seems to have no significant modification. The practician will have, if possible, to intervene before bone anomaly installation by intercepting bone resorption. (1) Bone volume diminution in posterior maxillary alveolar ridge is a combination of several simultan...

Background and objective: Periodontal disease is one of the common inflammatory diseases with complex etiology and is multifactorial in origin.Several enzymes are evaluated for the early diagnosis of periodontal disease. The enzyme ALP plays a role in bone metabolism. In the periodontium, ALP is very important enzyme as it is part of normal turnover of periodontal ligament, root cementum, and b...

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Zirconia implants have been used for oral rehabilitation; however, evidence of their ability to maintain crestal bone and periimplant soft tissue health is not clear. PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate crestal bone loss (CBL) around zirconia dental implants and clinical periimplant inflammatory parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS The focus questi...

Regeneration of mineralized tissues affected by chronic diseases comprises a major scientific and clinical challenge. Periodontitis, one such prevalent disease, involves destruction of the tooth-supporting tissues, alveolar bone, periodontal-ligament and cementum, often leading to tooth loss. In 1997, it became clear that, in addition to their function in enamel formation, the hydrophobic ectod...

periodontal regeneration is a main aspect in the treatment of teeth affected by periodontitis. periodontal regeneration in furcation areas is quite challenging, especially when it is in interproximal region. there are several techniques used alone or in combination considered to achieve periodontal regeneration, including the bone grafts or substitutes, guided tissue regeneration (gtr), root su...

PURPOSE Degeneration of the gingival margin and periodontal bone loss between segments can occur in various segmental osteotomies. However, treatment and management of these problems have not yet been resolved; improvement of the conventional method is necessary. The purpose of this retrospective study is to evaluate the usefulness and advantage of orthodontic devices in osteotomies. PATIENTS...