Ergodic properties and asymptotic stationarity are investigated in this paper for the pseudo-covariance matrix (PCM) of a recursive state estimator which is robust against parametric uncertainties and is based on plant output measurements that may be randomly dropped. When the measurement dropping process is described by a Markov chain and the modified plant is both controllable and observable,...

Phase change materials (PCMs) are well accepted by the researchers to reduce temperature fluctuation and also cooling load of a building. Sodium sulfate decahydrate (Na2SO4.10H2O) is used as PCM incorporated in traditional building wall prototype model. The experiments carried out on hot sunny days investigate variation inside room with without PCM. It has been found that can easily temperature...

The notion of consistency is used to evaluate the contradiction level of expert pairwise comparison judgments and their suitability for the purpose of calculation of weights of decision alternatives. Several consistency coefficients and criteria are used to measure inconsistency of a pairwise comparison matrix (PCM). Traditional approach to increase consistency of expert information is to organ...

We describe a new architecture for passive robots and haptic displays, which we call a programmable constraint machine (PCM). An n-dof PCM can, under computer control, exhibit constraints (smooth, impenetrable virtual surfaces of dimensionality < n), or it can allow free n-dof motion. At the heart of the PCM is a nonholonomic element, which is used as a continuously variable transmission (CVT)....

image segmentation is an essential issue in image description and classification. currently, in many real applications, segmentation is still mainly manual or strongly supervised by a human expert, which makes it irreproducible and deteriorating. moreover, there are many uncertainties and vagueness in images, which crisp clustering and even type-1 fuzzy clustering could not handle. hence, type-...

BACKGROUND centrosomes are major microtubule organizing centers in animal cells, and they comprise a pair of centrioles surrounded by an amorphous pericentriolar material (PCM). Centrosome size is tightly regulated during the cell cycle, and it has recently been shown that the two centrosomes in certain stem cells are often asymmetric in size. There is compelling evidence that centrioles influe...

This paper presents experimental results that can be applied to select a possible phase change material (PCM), such as a latent heat material (LHM), to control the hydration heat in mass concrete structures. Five experimental tests (microconduction, simplified adiabatic temperature rise, heat, and compressive strength tests) were conducted to select the most desirable LHM out of seven types of ...

We introduce the parallel coordinates matrix (PCM) as the counterpart to the scatterplot matrix (SPLOM). Using a graph-theoretic approach, we determine a list of axis orderings such that all pairwise relations can be displayed without redundancy while each parallel-coordinates plot can be used independently to visualize all variables of the dataset. Therefore, existing axis-ordering algorithms,...

In this paper, we studied the effects of voice codecs on remote speaker recognition system, considering three types of speech codec: PCM, DPCM and ADPCM conforming to International Telecommunications Union Telecoms (ITU-T) recommendation used in telephony and VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol). To improve the performance of speaker recognition in a noisy environment, we propose a new speech ac...

The use of the latent heat of phase change materials (PCM) is considered a promising approach to store heat at a nearly constant temperature for direct steam generation (DSG), but the poor thermal conductivity of commonly available storage materials imposes severe limitations on storage performance. A new method is proposed to overcome the limitations of the low thermal conductivity. The approa...