Intrapulmonary application of perfluorocarbons (PFC) in acute lung injury is associated with anti-inflammatory effects. A direct impact on leukocytic function may be involved. To further elucidate PFC effects on cellular activation, we compared in an in vitro model the response of concanavalin A (ConA)-stimulated lymphocytes and monocytes exposed to perfluorohexane. We hypothesized that perfluo...

A large amount of fuel cell research focuses on porous gas diffusion (PGD) fuel cells which currently produce the best power density. However, this sect of fuel cell technology has many obstacles to overcome before becoming a viable large scale source or power. Nevertheless, alternatives to PGD fuel cells exist. Fluidized bed electrodes (FBE), packed bed electrodes, and packed screen electrodes...

The use of near-infrared spectroscopy to measure noninvasively changes in the redox state of cerebral cytochrome oxidase in vivo is controversial. We therefore tested these measurements using a multiwavelength detector in the neonatal pig brain. Exchange transfusion with perfluorocarbons revealed that the spectrum of cytochrome oxidase in the near-infrared was identical in the neonatal pig, the...

The morphologies of phase-separated monolayer films prepared from two different binary mixtures of perfluorocarbons and hydrocarbons have been examined and compared, for the first time, at the solid-air and liquid-air interfaces. Films were comprised of binary mixtures of arachidic acid (C(19)H(39)COOH) with perfluorotetradecanoic acid (C(13)F(27)COOH) and of palmitic acid (C(15)H(31)COOH) with...

UNLABELLED Low gastric intramucosal pH (pHi) and an increased gastric-arterial PCO2 difference (CO2 gap) are markers of tissue hypoperfusion. Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) have a large oxygen-carrying capacity and release oxygen when encountering low tissue oxygen tension. Nine cardiac surgical patients instrumented for gastric tonometry were enrolled as part of a multicenter, randomized, single-blin...

Perfluorocarbon-based nanoemulsion particles have become promising platforms for the delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic agents to specific target cells in a non-invasive manner. A "contact-facilitated" delivery mechanism has been proposed wherein the emulsifying phospholipid monolayer on the nanoemulsion surface contacts and forms a lipid complex with the outer monolayer of target cell plas...

BACKGROUND The low toxicity of perfluorocarbons (PFCs), their high affinity for respiratory gases and their compatibility with lung surfactant have made them useful candidates for treating respiratory diseases such as adult respiratory distress syndrome. We report results for treating acute allergic and non-allergic bronchoconstriction in sheep using S-1226 (a gas mixture containing carbon diox...

Introduction F attracts increasingly more attention for MRI and MRS investigations due to its interesting MR characteristics that include a 100% natural abundance and 84% sensitivity in comparison to H. Although F has a wide chemical shift range (~ 300 ppm?) the essentially complete lack of a natural background signal in body tissues qualify fluorinated substrates as excellent reporter molecule...

This article reviews the application of the human airway Calu-3 cell line as a respiratory model for studying the effects of gas concentrations, exposure time, biophysical stress, and biological agents on human airway epithelial cells. Calu-3 cells are grown to confluence at an air-liquid interface on permeable supports. To model human respiratory conditions and treatment modalities, monolayers...

Under normal conditions, only 20-30% of the delivered oxygen is metabolised. In normovolaemic anaemia, the organism reacts with increases in cardiac output and oxygen extraction. Once these mechanisms are exceeded, allogeneic blood transfusions may be administered. However, such transfusions are associated with serious adverse effects and alternatives such as artificial oxygen carriers are bein...