Larval mortality is an important component of recruitment variability. To understand the mechanisms affecting larval mortality, it is necessary to take into account the nonlinear interactions involved in density-dependent population dynamics and the physical environment at scales of motion comparable with larval feeding scales. This paper develops a framework for further analysis by describing ...

the eggs and larvae of the indian meal moth, plodia interpunctella (hübner), are widely used in mass rearing of parasitoids and predators. feeding indices and some biological parameters of p. interpunctella were studied on bran of different wheat cultivars ('back-cross roshan', 'khooshe pishgam', 'khoshki line 9', 'arg', 'alvand', 'pishtaz', 'ws-89-2', 'sepahan' and 'bam') when incorporated int...

The naturally-derived insecticide spinosad (Conserve SC) was evaluated against larval Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae) under laboratory and field conditions in Antalya, Turkey. Laboratory bioassays showed that the 24 h LC50 and LC90 against late 3rd and early 4th instars were estimated at 0.027 and 0.111 parts per million, respectively, while adult emergence was eliminated at concentration...

Effective pest management with lower amounts of pesticides relies on accurate prediction of insect pest growth rates. Knowledge of the factors governing this trait and the resulting fitness of individuals is thus necessary to refine predictions and make suitable decisions in crop protection. The European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana, the major pest of grapes in Europe, is responsible for hug...

Evaluating ecological safety and conducting pest risk analysis for transgenic crops are vitally important before their commercial planting. The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, a long-distance migratory insect pest, is not a direct target of transgenic Cry1Ac-expressing cotton in China, but nevertheless it has recently become an important pest. Migrants leaving their natal field arrive in othe...

Cannibalism among size classes may reduce starvation and improve survival of larval tuna in oligotrophic ocean areas, but it may also be a substantial mortality component depending on the availability of alternative prey. Here, we combine laboratory and field data on tuna larvae with a model of larval foraging and bioenergetics to explore the role of cannibalism in cohort development at differe...

Abstract This study aimed to chemically characterize the essential oils (EOs) of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon) and Eremanthus erythropappus (candeia) evaluate their acaricidal activity, together with that major compounds cinnamyl acetate derivative, against Rhipicephalus microplus. Essential oil were identified through gas chromatography. The larval packet test (LPT) at concentrations rangin...