For each quartile of income per household or per consumption unit, annual time-series have been estimated from panel surveys, with annual waves of observations from 1974 to 2007: INSEE Households' "Conjoncture" survey from 1974 to 1994, panel “Parc-Auto” Sofres since mid-80's. In these data sources, household behaviour is described through: car ownership (percentage of households with at least ...

This study considered the production economics of coffee in Pakuwa village development committee of Parbat district, Nepal. Household Survey was done in June 2014. Data collection was done using semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire administered on 40 coffee producers selected randomly. Gross margin analysis, profitability index and the benefit-cost ratio was used to analyze the production e...

months in every year from 1996 to 1999, as well as the proportion that was poor for two or more months between 1996 and 1999.4 In 1999, one in five persons lived in a household with below-poverty-level income for at least two months of the year; over the four-year period, 34.2 percent experienced at least two months of poverty-level income. A higher fraction of persons experience at least one m...

We use an income supplementation experiment we designed in the state of Yucatan in Mexico for residents 70 y and older to evaluate health impacts of additional income. Two cities in the State of Yucatan, Valladolid (treatment) and Motul (control), were selected for the income supplementation experiment. Elderly residents of Valladolid were provided the equivalent of an additional $67 per month,...

The Earned Income Tax Credit generates large average tax refunds for low-income parents, and these refunds are distributed in a narrow time frame. I rely on this plausibly exogenous source of variation in liquidity to investigate the effect of cash-on-hand on unemployment duration. Among EITC-eligible women, unemployment spells beginning just after tax refund receipt last longer than unemployme...

This paper provides empirical evidence that households follow budgeting heuristics which can generate consumption patterns that are not easily explained by standard models. Specifically, I show that households follow a heuristic in which budgets are constructed based on typical monthly income while ignoring the fact that true income may vary from month to month. To do so, I first formalize and ...

OBJECTIVE The study aims to evaluate the predictors of non-prescription medicine purchasing patterns among pharmacy patrons in Malaysia. METHODS A cross-sectional nationwide study was undertaken in 2011 in sixty randomly selected community pharmacies across 14 Malaysian states. A pharmacy exit survey was conducted over a 6-month period across Malaysia. A one-stage random cluster sampling tech...

BACKGROUND Limited data is available on the current status of scrub typhus infection in the aboriginal population in Malaysia. This study was aimed to provide recent data on the degree of exposure of 280 individuals from seven aboriginal subgroups to Orientia tsutsugamushi (causative agent of scrub typhus) in West Malaysia. The environment, socioeconomic and behavioural risk factors associated ...