Peer-to-peer networks break the dominant network paradigm of client-server relationships in information exchange by allowing heterogeneous multipurpose machines to interact and share functionality. Like any architecture, different systems have different purposes and necessitate different security protections. This chapter will identify several key features of peer-to-peer networks and the secur...

“Botnet” is a network of computers that are compromised and controlled by an attacker. Botnets are one of the most serious threats to today’s Internet. Most current botnets have centralized command and control (C&C) architecture. However, peer-to-peer (P2P) structured botnets have gradually emerged as a new advanced form of botnets. Without C&C servers, P2P botnets are more resilient to defense...

Background & aim: Breastfeeding self-efficacy is an important factor affecting the success and duration of breastfeeding. Self-efficacy of people is influenced by four sources including performance accomplishments, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion and the physiological responses which seem to be modified by breastfeeding intervention.  This study was conducted to compare the effect of p...

Peer-to-peer technologies (or P2P for short) have broken through in recent years as an attractive alternative to the traditional client-server-based architectures and systems. A lot of the attention paid to peer-to-peer systems has been caused by the widespread use of P2P file sharing networks, where (often illegal) media content is being distributed. Recently deployed peer-to-peer systems howe...

Distributed computing represents an extremely cost-effective way to gain supercomputer-scale power to run certain types of compute-intensive applications. Remarkably, the majority of a PC’s time is spent doing nothing. The average PC is idle between 60 and 90%, even when it is being used. Distributed computing platforms split large computational problems into many small tasks and distribute tho...