Sighted guidance is arguably the most efficient method for aiding visually impaired pedestrians in mobility. A sighted guide's verbal instructions compensate comprehensively for the insufficiency of visual input in navigation. Moreover, the companionship entails sharing of responsibilities and thus increases the blind traveller's sense of security during a journey. The disadvantages of the sigh...

A short historical review is made of some recent literature in the field of noncommutative geometry, especially the efforts to add a gravitational field to noncommutative models of space-time and to use it as an ultraviolet regulator. An extensive bibliography has been added containing reference to recent review articles as well as to part of the original literature. LMU-TPW 99-11 ∗Lecure given...

Bedford et al 1 have recently added to the strong existing evidence that a substantial part of the pedestrian accident problem arises from intoxicated pedestrians. We have recently reviewed 2 this, and would like to add three points. The first is that among pedestrian fatalities having a positive BAC (blood alcohol concentration), a high proportion have a very high BAC indeed (over, say, .150)....

Introduction Various methods to automate traffic data collection have recently been developed by many researchers. A macroscopic data collection through image processing has been proposed [1]. For microscopic traffic flow data, such as individual speed and time or distance headway, tracking of individual movement is needed. The tracking algorithms for pedestrian or vehicle have been developed t...

background: more than 20% of deaths from traffic crashes are related to pedestrians. this figure in tehran, the capital of iran, reaches to 40%. this study aimed to determine the high-risk areas and spatially analyze the traffic crashes, causing death to pedestrians in tehran.   methods: mapping was used to display the distribution of the crashes. determining the distribution pattern of crashes...

With the increase of the number of cameras installed across a video surveillance network, the ability of security staffs to attentively scan all the video feeds actually decreases. Therefore, the need for an intelligent system that operates as a tracking system is vital for security personnel to do their jobs well. Tracking people as they move through a camera network with non-overlapping field...

Past research has shown that road users accept shorter time gaps when the waiting time/number of vehicles they let pass before attempting to merge into the traffic increases. While elderly pedestrians are known to be an extremely vulnerable group of road users, very few studies dealt with the effect of environmental constraints and crossing complexity on this population's safety. The present st...

Insight into walking behavior is essential for theory and model development describing the behavior of individual pedestrians. In turn, microscopic pedestrian simulation models can be used to test and compare different infrastructure designs, both from the perspective of efficiency and safety. To calibrate these microscopic models, detailed data is required. However, currently such data is not ...

OBJECTIVES To quantify the effectiveness of safety education of pedestrians. DESIGN Systematic review of randomised controlled trials of safety education programmes for pedestrians of all ages. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Effect of safety education on pedestrians' injuries, behaviour, attitude, and knowledge and on pedestrian-motor vehicle collisions. Quality of trials: methods of randomisation; ...

This study draws on information from two recently published documents on pedestrian safety and global status of road safety to draw attention to the need to prioritize safe walking in planning and policy at local, national and international levels. The study shows that each year, more than 270 000 pedestrians lose their lives on the world's roads. The study argues that this situation need not p...