Elevated concentrations of total homocysteine as well as of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in the blood have been reported to reflect an increased cardiovascular risk. ADMA is formed by endothelial cells and is an endogenous inhibitor of NO synthase. Earlier we have found that human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) produce homocysteine upon stimulation with mitogens concanavalin A,...

As soon as Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) are isolated from whole blood, some cells begin dying. The rate of apoptotic cell death is increased when PBMC are shipped, cryopreserved, or stored under suboptimal conditions. Apoptotic cells secrete cytokines that suppress inflammation while promoting phagocytosis. Increased numbers of apoptotic cells in PBMC may modulate T cell functions ...

Inflammation is common to many disorders and responsible for tissue and organ damage. In many disorders, the associated peripheral cytokine milieu is dilute and difficult to measure, necessitating development of more sensitive and informative biomarkers for mechanistic studies, earlier diagnosis, and monitoring therapeutic interventions. Previously, we have shown that plasma of recent-onset (RO...

Immunotherapy has raised the attention of many scientists because it hold promise to be an attractive therapeutic strategy to treat a number of disorders. In this study, the immunomodulatory effects of low titers of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) AF2240 on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were analyzed. We evaluated cytokine secretion and PBMC activation by cell proliferation assa...

OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of antipsychotics on immune-challenged peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures. METHODS Blood samples were collected from twelve patients with first-episode schizophrenia. The PBMCs were separated and cultures were prepared and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly[I:C]), and then separately treated wi...

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is known to infect peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with chronic hepatitis C, but the proportion of HCV-infected circulating cells is not detectable by conventional reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the pathogenic significance of HCV lymphotropism is still unclear. Therefore, we have devised an in situ RT-PCR technique usin...

Investigating gene expression of immune cells of whole blood or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) under polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) stimulation is valuable for understanding the immune response of organism to RNA viruses. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) is a standard method for quantification of gene expression studies. However, the reliability of qRT-PCR data critic...

The patterns of gene expression and the phenotypes of lymphocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from children with diarrhea caused by rotavirus and healthy children were compared by using DNA microarray, quantitative PCR, and flow cytometry. We observed increased expression of a number of genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines and interferon or interferon-stimulated proteins an...

Disease-specific over-expression of 9-O-acetylated sialoglycoconjugates (9-O-AcSGs) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL, PBMC(ALL)) has been demonstrated using a lectin, Achatinin-H, with specificity towards 9-O-AcSAalpha2-6GalNAc. This study investigated the contributory role of 9-O-AcSGs induced on PBMC(ALL). Stimulation of PBMC(ALL...

While a number of microbial infections induce a transient burst in viral load in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), a recent study has suggested that scrub typhus may suppress HIV-1 infection. We investigated the effects of Orientia tsutsugamushi on HIV-1 infection. In vitro HIV-1 infection experiments were conducted using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)...