in this work, a novel and fast method for direct analysis of volatile compounds (davc) of medicinal plants has been developed by holding a filament from different parts of a plant in the gc injection port. the extraction and analysis of volatile components of a small amount of plant were carried out in one-step without any sample preparation. after optimization of temperature, extraction time a...

efl/esl textbooks have been regarded as essential language teaching materials with which the learners spend about 70 up to 90 percent of their class time. the important role they play and their vast use make them not only influential in learning the language but also in shaping values and attitudes. put it another way, textbooks socialize learners using their contents (i.e. texts, illustrations...

learning a second or foreign language requires the manipulation of four main skills, namely, listening, reading, speaking, and writing which lead to effective communication. it is obvious that vocabulary is an indispensible part of any communication, so without a vocabulary, no meaningful communication can take place and meaningful communication relies heavily on vocabulary. one fundamental fac...

flow in natural river bends is a complex and turbulent phenomenon which affects the scour and sedimentations and causes an irregular bed topography on the bed. for the reason, the flow hydralics and the parameters which affect the flow to be studied and understand. in this study the effect of bed and wall roughness using the software fluent discussed in a sharp 90-degree flume bend with 40.3cm ...

why some learners are willing to communicate in english, concurrently others are not, has been an intensive investigation in l2 education. willingness to communicate (wtc) proposed as initiating to communicate while given a choice has recently played a crucial role in l2 learning. it was hypothesized that wtc would be associated with language learning orientations (llos) as well as social suppo...

abstract the present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of a rather newly developed method in language teaching that is the use of paragraph reading task and whole reading task and their effects on improving efl learner’s speaking ability. to fulfill the purpose of the study, first 90 participants studying their course at sa eedi high school in tehran were chosen by means of ...

this research was conducted in two protect and destroy region in the middle zagros, in illam province. in order to identification of ecological species group and evaluate density of regeneration, effect of many factors such as protection, vegetation, physiographic factors, physical and chemical properties of soil in study locations were studied. to achieve these purpose number of 54 plots using...

this study investigated how group formation method, namely student-selected vs. teacher-assigned, influences the results of the community model of teaching creative writing; i.e., group dynamics and group outcome (the quality of performance). the study adopted an experimental comparison group and microgenetic research design to observe the change process over a relatively short period of time. ...

چکیده: پژوهش حاضر به بررسی تطبیقی اعتماد اجتماعی در بین دبیران زن و مرد مقطع راهنمایی شهر ایلام می پردازد. امروزه در جوامع شاهد گسترش ارتباطات هستیم و با توجه به این که دامنه کنش های اجتماعی از حد روابط با آشنایان و دوستان فراتر رفته و به تعامل با کنشگران غربیه و نا آشنا گسترش یافته است، لزوم وجود اعتماد، بیش از پیش احساس می شود. اما با توجه به نقش دبیران در نهادهای آموزشی، در انتقال ارزش ها و...

abstract the purpose of this study is twofold: on the one hand, it is intended to see what kind of noticing-the –gap activity (teacher generated vs. learner generated) is more efficient in teaching l2 grammar in classroom language learning. on the other hand, it is an attempt to determine which approach of the noticing-the-gap- activity is more effective in the long- term retention of grammar...