aim : the purpose of this study was to characterize phenotypically and genotypically the serotypes of the e. coli o111 associated with diarrheal disease and assess the variation among serotypes in terms of specific virulence factors and hela cells adherence patterns. background : escherichia coli o111 serogroups are prevalent in endemic or sporadic cases of diarrhea, especially in developing ar...

In Hungarian, focussed elements occur in certain syntactic positions. Because of this limitation, prominence marking by means of prosody is less salient than in languages where focus can be expressed by accent shift without changes in word order. In this study, we examined Hungarian utterances that were identical in their segmental structure, but differed with regard to their semantic and pragm...

Do all species experience the declines of old age? No. Do we currently have theories that accurately predict which species escape these declines? In PNAS, Warner et al. (1) demonstrate that the answer to this question is also “no.” Understanding the breadth and diversity of the patterns of aging across the tree of life is central to life history evolution, and recent studies demonstrate that th...

It has recently been argued [8], [9] that rate of evolution at the molecular level is greater than can be accounted for by natural selection and hence that a large part of observed molecular changes must be selectively neutral. This discussion will be concerned with some experimental results, from studies of a number of different species of plants, that bear on this question. These results will...

Some things people say are more important, and some less so. The ability to automatically judge this, even approximately, would be a useful front end for many applications. This paper empirically examines importance as it varies from moment to moment in spoken dialog. Contextual prosodic features are informative, and importance is frequently associated with specific patterns of interaction that...