the human dignity of patients with cardiovascular disease (cvd) is an important issue, because of patients’ dependence upon caregivers, and because it impacts all aspects of their quality of life (qol). therefore, understanding and improving the status of dignity among these patients is of great importance. this study aimed to determine the status of dignity in patients with cvd admitted to car...

In the next 20 years, substantial increases are predicted for cancer incidence, mortality, and morbidity— particularly in countries such as China, India, and Nigeria—precipitating a potential global epidemic of cancer. The trajectory of cancer in Europe is also increasing substantially, fuelled in part by changes in population structure that will lead to an unparalleled increase in the over-65 ...

Like the United Kingdom, Canada traditionally has been committed to the doctrine of parliamentary supremacy, which leaves little room for judicial protection of individual rights. In 1982, however, the Canadian Constitution, originally a product of the United Kingdom, was "patriated" to Canada. It was also amended to include a judicially-enforceable Charter of Rights and Freedoms. This amendmen...

In 2002, the Physician Charter on Medical Professionalism was published to provide physicians with guidance for decision making in a rapidly changing environment. Feedback from physicians indicated that they were unable to fully live up to the principles in the 2002 charter partly because of their employing or affiliated health care organizations. A multistakeholder group has developed a Charte...

The eighties and nineties saw a growing global concern for the rights and welfare of children. This culminated in the adoption of the Convention on the Rights of the Child by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 20 November 1989. This was closely followed by the adoption of the Organisation of African Unity’s Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child by the Assembly of Heads of St...

The Incorporation Charter for the city of Krakow, the former capital of Poland, is one of the most valuable documents stored in the National Archives in Krakow. The document, which was written in 1257 on parchment, grants Krakow the Magdeburg rights and regulates its legal, statutory, economic and settlement-related aspects. The Charter was placed in the National Register of the Memory of the W...