Inflammatory response is key for the host defense against diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and contributes to the pathogenesis of the disease but there is not a comparative study among different diarrheagenic pathotypes. We analyzed the inflammatory response induced by five diarrheagenic pathotypes in a HT-29 cell infection model. The model was unified to reproduce the pathogenesis of each pathot...

Background Childhood diarrheal diseases remain highly endemic in India, but the emergence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli among children with diarrhea in Bihar remains elusive. In this study, we determine and characterize ESBL-producing E coli pathotypes among hospitalized diarrheal preschool children living in low socioeconomic level communities in Bihar, Ind...

Verticillium dahliae was isolated from Noogoora burr (Xanthium occidentale) seeds collected mature asymptomatic plants in 2017 growing along the riverbank at Condobolin, NSW. V. by transferring surfaced-disinfested seed components onto 25% Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) plus Novobiocin. Morphological and molecular analysis, as well fulfilment of Koch’s postulates, confirmed causal pathogen dahliae....

The main features of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) pathogenesis include attachment of bacteria to the intestinal mucosa, production of various toxins and cytotoxins, and stimulation of mucosal inflammation. 'Virulence' genes encode these features. Comparison of different EAEC isolates has shown that the virulence gene content of these isolates varies considerably. The heterogeneity ...