The transdermal patch provides an effective and convenient option for hormonal contraception. The patch currently on the US market contains 150 µg norelgestromin and 35 µg ethinylestradiol (EE). The 20 cm2 patch is applied once weekly for 3 weeks, followed by a patch-free week, for a 21-7 cycle. Typical failure rates are similar to that of combined oral contraceptives (COCs). Transdermal delive...

Animal responses to habitat boundaries will influence the effects of habitat fragmentation on population dynamics. Although this is an intuitive and often observed animal behavior, the influences of habitat boundaries have rarely been quantified in the field or considered in theoretical models of large scale processes. We quantified movement behavior of the Fender’s blue butterfly (Icaricia ica...

A major problem with interactive displays based on frontprojection is that users cast undesirable shadows on the display surface. This situation is only partially-addressed by mounting a single projector at an extreme angle and prewarping the projected image to undo keystoning distortions. This paper demonstrates that shadows can be muted by redundantly-illuminating the display surface using mu...

When modelling metapopulation dynamics, the influence of a single patch on the metapopulation depends on the number of individuals in the patch. Since there is usually no obvious natural upper limit on the number of individuals in a patch, this leads to systems in which there are countably infinitely many possible types of entity. Analogous considerations apply in the transmission of parasitic ...

Patch-burn grazing is a management framework that promotes heterogeneity in grasslands, similar to the structure grasslands birds evolved inhabiting. Published studies on patch-burn grazing have been conducted on large, contiguous grasslands and only one of these studies has investigated the reproductive success of grassland birds. We assessed the effects of patch-burn grazing (grazing, one thi...

When modelling metapopulation dynamics, the influence of a single patch on the metapopulation depends on the number of individuals in the patch. Since there is usually no obvious natural upper limit on the number of individuals in a patch, this leads to systems in which there are countably infinitely many possible types of entity. Analogous considerations apply in the transmission of parasitic ...

Here we report a novel approach for preparation of a 6-day transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) as treatment for mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease. The spray drying method was used to prepare microparticles containing the anti-Alzheimer drug. The content of the drug was determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. The morphology and size range of the microparticles ...

When populations occur in ephemeral patches, such as treefall gaps, rapid changes in patch quality may affect colonization processes. I asked what effect patch quality dynamics and propagule dispersal would have on colonization by Passiflora vines that establish in canopy gaps in lowland rainforests of Corcovado National Park, Costa Rica. Passiflora vine recruitment required high patch quality,...

the support vector machine (svm) is a relatively new machine learning method which is increasingly being applied to engineering problems and have yielded encouraging results. because of complex behavior of elastoplastic of web panels of plate girders under patch loading, almost none of the proposed methods provides consistent and accurate predictions of patch load capacity. consequently, altern...

Calmodulin (CaM) is implicated in regulation of Ca(2+) channels as a Ca(2+) sensor. The effect of CaM on rundown of L-type Ca(2+) channels in inside-out patch form was investigated in guinea pig ventricular myocytes. Ca(2+) channel activity disappeared within 1-3 min and did not reappear when the patch was excised and exposed to an artificial intracellular solution. However, application of CaM ...