Many of the blood vessels of the extremities are under reflex control. Numerous stimuli, such as cooling the body, pain, loud noise, or deep inspiration, produce reflex vasoconstriction. Heating the body causes reflex vasodilatation. The fact that either preor post-ganglionic sympathectomy eliminates these vasoconstrictor and vasodilator responses demonstrates that the sympathetic nerves contai...

The sweat glands maximum ion reabsorption rates were investigated (n = 12, 21.7 ± 3.0 years, 59.4 ± 9.8 kg, 166.9 ± 10.4 cm and 47.1 ± 7.5 mL/kg/min) during two separate endogenous protocols; cycling at 30% (LEX) and 60% VO2max (MEX) and one exogenous trial; passive heating (PH) (43°C water lower leg immersion) in 27°C, 50%RH. Oesophageal temperature (Tes ), skin temperature (Tsk ), and forearm...

Daily patterns of body temperature (T(b)) and energy expenditure in heterothermic endotherms are affected by changes in ambient temperature (T(a)) and selection of suitable microclimates, yet most laboratory studies employ constant T(a) to measure metabolic rates. In particular, exposure to a daily temperature cycle, even within rest shelters, may be important in timing of torpor and arousal an...

Aging is associated with attenuated thermoregulatory function that varies regionally over the body. Decrements in vasodilation and sweating are well documented with age, yet limited data are available concerning the regional relation between these responses. We aimed to examine age-related alterations in the relation between regional sweating (RSR) and skin blood flow (SkBF) to thermal and phar...

Although laser lipolysis has been described as a “lunchtime treatment”, it is nevertheless classified as a surgical procedure associated with certain risks due to surgical incisions and the use of anesthetics, as well as with subsequently reduced skin firmness and lack of skin ability to conform to the reduced body size. We aimed to develop a safe and effective alternative to address both exces...