smallholder schemes will not survive Irrigation Management Transfer (IMT) as it is currently envisioned. For IMT to be successful in the African smallholder context, governments must first enhance the income-creation potential of smallholder irrigated farming by strengthening market access, promoting high-value crops and improving extension and technical support to smallholder irrigators. This ...

The topic of Customer profitability is a focal concern for telecommunication sector who seeks to identify its antecedents and causal structure with the aim of better understanding managing customer profitability. For this reason, Customer expansion processes and “Knowledge from Customer” is widely used in this competitive environment to achieve Customer profitability. The purpose of this paper ...

Irrigation underpins agricultural productivity. The purpose of irrigation is to match water supply to crop water demand. The effectiveness of irrigation depends on the quality of the timing and duration of watering events, also called irrigation scheduling. Most farmers use heuristic rules to determine irrigation events. This often leads to over-watering which results in lower crop yields and w...

The major contribution of poultry consumption in improving per capita nutrients level is well documented. Further improvement would be possible by lowering the prices at the consumer level and by improving the profitability of producers. First we highlighted the major problems in poultry production and then focused to estimate the percentage share of different stake holders in total profitabili...

Agriculture is critical for human welfare, providing food, employment, income, and assets. In the past, agricultural research and development largely focused on improving production, productivity, and profitability of agricultural enterprises. Nutrition and other benefits of agriculture were not always optimized, while the negative impacts on health, well-being, and the environment were often i...

The selection of the best irrigation system is examined in the multiobjective context for a case study of Sri Ram Sagar Project, Andhra Pradesh, India. Eight performance criteria, on farm development works, environmental impact, supply of inputs, conjunctive use of water resources, productivity, farmers' participation, economic impact and social impact are evaluated for thirteen irrigation syst...

In the past China’s rural areas, home to 70% of its population, suffered energy shortages. China’s indigenous energy resources are limited, with the exception of coal. The widespread use of coal requires large investments in production and transport –making it costly-, and degrades the environment. As a result the Chinese government has implemented an energy policy that aims at the use of renew...

We assessed the potential profitability of twin-row (TR) planting geometry as a water productivity-enhancing practice and skip-row irrigation (SRI) water-conserving in furrow-irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) soybean (Glycine max L.). Data from agronomic experiments carried on Dundee silt loam soils indicate that, average, TR increases by US$344 ha?1 for all-row irrigated (ARI), $401 SRI...

the three practical steps that are need to be taken by government agencies in order to increase irrigation efficiency include economic motivation for optimization of water use, modification of existing irrigation systems in the short term and modernization of traditional methods in the long-term plan. the present research aims at identifying farmers' knowledge regarding irrigation and water iss...