Does religious pluralism decrease religious participation or increase it? Secularization theorists claim the former, while religious economies proponents claim the latter, and each side has used estimated pluralism-participation correlations to support its argument. Using a formal game theoretic model, this article shows how religious market forces and regulations generate plausible pluralism-p...

this study questions why this is so and analyses the factors that prevent women from participating in the parliamentary election in iran. the purpose of this research is to study the an analysis of the factors influencing women’s participation in the parliamentary election in iran. it focuses on socio-political factors influencing the participation of women as electorate in the five general ele...

Reviewing the literature on political participation and civic engagement, the article offers a critical examination of different conceptual frameworks. Drawing on previous definitions and operationalisations, a new typology for political participation and civic engagement is developed, highlighting the multidimensionality of both concepts. In particular, it makes a clear distinction between man...