We review the surface stability and growth kinetics of III-V and III-nitride semiconductors. The theoretical approach used in these studies is based on ab initio calculations and includes gas-phase free energy. With this method, we can investigate the influence of growth conditions, such as partial pressure and temperature, on the surface stability and growth kinetics. First, we examine the fea...

The future impacts of anthropogenic global change on marine ecosystems are highly uncertain, but insights can be gained from past intervals of high atmospheric carbon dioxide partial pressure. The long-term geological record reveals an early Cenozoic warm climate that supported smaller polar ecosystems, few coral-algal reefs, expanded shallow-water platforms, longer food chains with less energy...

In this Chapter the most popular models described in the literature regarding the oscillatory behaviour of catalytic reactions such as CO oxidation are discussed. In order to explain the experimental observation introduced in Chapter 3, of oscillations between a metallic surface and a surface oxide, a new model is proposed This new model involves two key features: (1) the observation that the o...

7 Even though an increasing number of pilot-scale plants are demonstrating the potential ef8 ficiency of the Ca-looping technology to capture CO2 at a commercial level, a still standing 9 matter of concern is the loss of carbonation reactivity of the regenerated CaO by calcination, 10 which is expected to be particularly marked at realistic conditions necessarily implying a high 11 CO2 partial ...

This paper presents the results of studies on the influence of oxygen partial pressure (vacuum level in the chamber) on the properties of FeAl intermetallics. One of the problems in the application of classical methods of prepared Fe-Al intermetallic is the occurrence of oxides. Applying a vacuum during sintering should reduce this effect. In order to analyze the effect of oxygen partial pressu...

It is shown that in several of the higher invertebrate animals, oxygen consumption is directly proportional to the oxygen tension in the sea water, over a wide range.

The gas composition surrounding a catalytic sample has direct impact on its surface structure, which is essential when in situ investigations of model catalysts are performed. Herein a study of the gas phase close to a Pd(110) surface during CO oxidation under semirealistic conditions is presented. Images of the gas phase, provided by planar laser-induced fluorescence, clearly visualize the for...

Nonlinear transport behaviors are crucial for applications in electronic technology. At the nonlinear critical turning point, the nonequilibrium states cause rich physics responses to environment. The corresponding study in this field is crucial for physics and industry application. Here nonlinear conductivity in charge-ordered (CO) LuFe(2)O(4 )has been demonstrated. Remarkable resistivity swit...

The dehydrogenation of piperidine has been studied and found to have an order of -1.5 with respect to the hydrogen partial pressure. By combining these results with those obtained for pyridine hydrogenation on the same catalyst a complete rate equation for piperidine dehydrogenation together with the stoichiometric number of the rate-determining step of these reactions could be derived. This nu...