OBJECTIVE To describe and standardize a reproducible, viable, low-cost lamb's head model for endoscopic sinus surgery training. METHODS Otorhinolaryngology residents performed the following three endoscopic sinus surgeries using the lamb's head model: inferior turbinectomy, bullectomy, and maxillary antrostomy. Each student dissected 10 specimens before training these procedures on human pati...

Purpose Clinically diagnosed partial epilepsy is hard to be functionally diagnosed by regular electroencephalograph (EEG) and conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). By collecting transient brain regional signals, blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) function MRI (BOLD-fMRI) can provide brain function change information with high accuracy. By using resting state BOLD-fMRI technique, ...

Seven dogs were instrumented with a left ventricular micromanometer, pairs of ultrasonic crystals to measure wall thickness in normal and ischemic regions, as well as both short and long axes of the left ventricle; and cuff occluders were placed around the left circumflex coronary artery and the inferior vena cava. Left ventricular volume, mass, circumferential wall stress, midwall strain, and ...

In this study, partial breast reconstruction was undertaken after breast conservation therapy using mini abdominal free flaps on both an immediate and delayed basis.Patient demographics, oncologic status, reconstructive data, and complications were collected from medical records.Twelve patients (age range 39-60) were included in this study with a mean follow-up time of 5 years. Ten mini superfi...

Congenital agenesis of the inferior vena cava is an uncommon congenital anomaly which can be misdiagnosed. Agenesis of the inferior vena cava has an incidence of 0.0005% to 1% in the general population [1]. The most common cause of agenesis of the inferior vena cava is the failure of embryological development between the sixth and the tenth weeks of gestation. Heterotaxy syndrome is associated ...

most often in the posterior of the mandible of patients who need implants, the inferior alveolar nerve (ian) is too high to insert the implants, and the surgeons have to reposition ian. in conventional techniques (to make the windows in the buccal aspect of the mandible) removal of the corticocancellous bone may cause weakness of the mandible. here we present a new technique in which the bone i...

purpose : to evaluate the results of anterior and nasal transposition (ant) of the inferior oblique muscle (io) in patients with the io muscle overaction methods : this retrospective case series included patients with io muscles overaction, in whom ant of the io muscle was performed. in patient with simultaneous horizontal deviation, horizontal strabismus surgery was also performed. they were e...

Background: The inferior turbinate, as part of the nasal valve area, plays a key role in directing the airflow and moisturizing and heating the inspired air. Excessive resection of the inferior turbinate leads to a significant reduction in heating and humidification of inhaled air. Different types of turbinate surgery are described in the current literature. Pyriform Turbinoplasty is a new endo...