Nulliparous women have a greater risk of developing breast cancer than women who have borne children, but so far no functional differences in breast tissue have been reported between parous women and nulliparae. Macroscopically and histologically normal breast tissue was obtained from 74 women of reproductive age during biopsy of benign breast lesions and was examined for the presence of plasma...

BACKGROUND In several developed countries women with a low risk of complications during pregnancy and childbirth can make choices regarding place of birth. In the Netherlands, these women receive midwife-led care and can choose between a home or hospital birth. The declining rate of midwife-led home births alongside the recent debate on safety of home births in the Netherlands, however, suggest...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of drug use in 1945 parous pregnant Scandinavian women, to determine the most common drug categories, and to describe changes in drug use throughout pregnancy. The women were interviewed about drug use by a specially trained midwife at five different occasions during pregnancy: at gestational week 17, 25, 33, 37, and on admission fo...

STUDY QUESTION Do women who give birth after assisted reproductive technology (ART) have an increased risk of cancer compared with women who give birth without ART? SUMMARY ANSWER Without correction, the results indicate an increase in overall cancer risk, as well as a 50% increase in risk of CNS cancer for women giving birth after ART, however the results were not significant after correctin...

The causes of Hodgkin's disease remain incompletely known, but a higher incidence in men than in women has prompted an interest in the role of female sex hormones and reproductive history. Available epidemiological data are, however, contradictory. We analyzed possible associations between parity, age at first birth, and the risk of developing Hodgkin's disease by a linkage between the Swedish ...

Fertility rates, pregnancy, and maternal outcomes are not well described among women with a functioning kidney transplant. Using data from the Australian and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry, we analyzed 40 yr of pregnancy-related outcomes for transplant recipients. This analysis included 444 live births reported from 577 pregnancies; the absolute but not relative fertility rate fel...

BACKGROUND The increase in breast cancer risk during pregnancy and postpartum is well known; however, the molecular phenotype of breast cancers occurring shortly after pregnancy has not been well studied. Given this, we investigated whether nulliparity and the time interval since pregnancy among parous women affects the breast cancer phenotype in young women. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined...

Objective To evaluate factors associated with preference for caesarean or vaginal delivery among pregnant Chinese nulliparous and parous women. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on sociodemographic characteristics, preference/reasons for delivery mode, and knowledge of delivery complications. Results Of the 450 participants,...

BACKGROUND Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) is associated with pregnancy complications, and Norwegian Health Authorities have adopted the GWG recommendations of the US Institute of Medicine and National Research Council (IOM). The aim of this study was to evaluate if a GWG outside the IOM recommendation in a Norwegian population is associated with increased risk of pregnancy complication...