Concern about the environmental impact of human activities is ever increasing and several efforts have been initiated globally to reduce energy consumption and to increase energy efficiency. At a European level, a number of initiatives exist under the "Energy 2020" label which identifies the energy priorities for the period up to 2020. In December 2008 the European Council and Parliament adopte...

The recent development of retrieval techniques and advances in 3D shape representation has induced a large amount of research. This paper presents a methodology with three options to retrieve shapes in 3D data bases, based on mapping shapes in 1D using representative sequences, which are matched using Fast Dynamic Time Warping distance. The three options are compared through a performance measu...

The European Parliament (EP) has been characterised as a ‘working parliament without public’ rather than ‘debating parliament’. However, this distinction was called into question when irregular migration became sensitive topic and national political parties polarised on policy. Thus, article explores whether one risk resulting from such characterisation – lack of public involvement is raised by...

We report on a Communication of the European Commission to the Council and the European Parliament in 2002, entitled ‘‘Towards a Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection’’, an operational framework for its implementation and an indicator approach, as a basis for the elaboration of priority research areas for soil protection and the management of Europe’s natural resources. From this, we draw the c...

According to the procedures conducting the test for durability of emission control systems (Annex II Commission Directive 2005/78/ EC of 14 November 2005 implementing Directive 2005/55/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the measures to be taken against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from compress...

Since its inception in 1858 the General Medical Council has struggled with the difficult job of maintaining both public and professional interests, and many of the criticisms made of it now have been made since then. Its latest "revolution" grew out of protests mademostly by doctors-during the late 1960s and early 1970s and culminated in the Medical Act 1978. Now a new head of steam is building...

Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data manages the risks in the processing of personal data in four steps. It provides notably that data processing presenting specific risks must be subject to prior checking beforehand. The paper inve...

abstract urban management forms (model) are a key and important factor on characteristics of urban governance. study of literature and other country’s experience suggest application of various form of urban management and government that each have own specification, legal and administrative characteristics. in iran, in spite of 100 years record in establishing municipalities, there is not any l...