Herbicides represent the largest portion of pesticides used both worldwide and in Brazil. Many these compounds are applied on a large scale native forests urban industrial water environments, including atrazine. Due to its low cost, ability remain active soil for long periods potential effect weed removal, atrazine ranks 5th ranking most pesticide Although use increases agricultural production,...

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor deficits caused the loss of dopaminergic neurons in Substantia Nigra (SN) and Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA). However, clinical data revealed that not only system affected PD. Pharmacological models support concept modification noradrenergic transmission can influence PD-like phenotype induced neurotoxins. Exposure to...

Despite Medicare data showing that about 25% of people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) reside in nursing homes, many practitioners may not have a lot experience diagnosing and managing this condition. As Nora Reznickova, MD, geriatrician at Colorado Permanente Medical Group Boulder, said, “Starting the differential diagnosis, aren’t necessarily comfortable PD patients. They feel like they necessa...

Parkinson's is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by increased activity of GABA in basal ganglia and the loss of dopamine in nigrostriatum, associated with rigidity, resting tremor, gait with accelerating steps, and fixed inexpressive face. Being a neurological disease, spinal anaesthesia is often avoided in Parkinson's. Yet, in Parkinsons' patients, general anaesthesia may mask neurolog...

This objective of this study is how grammar is implemented in the brain, with special attention to a neurotransmitter dopamine. Among numerous kinds of molecules known to exist in the nervous system, several molecules are known to function as “neurotransmitters”, which mediate gaps between neurons (i.e., synapses) when a neuron transmits signals to another. In this study, a neurotransmitter dop...

Alpha-synuclein is a predominant player in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. However, despite extensive study for two decades, its physiological and pathological mechanisms remain poorly understood. Alpha-synuclein forms a perplexing web of interactions with lipids, trafficking machinery, and other regulatory factors. One emerging consensus is that synaptic vesicles are likely the functi...