Canine distemper virus is a member of the genus Morbillivirus in the family Paramyxoviridae. Canine distemper has been recorded in domestic dogs for centuries. It is now recognized as a worldwide problem of carnivores and has the second highest fatality rate of any infectious disease, after rabies, in domestic dogs. The importance of this disease in nondomestic animals has become evident with v...

The respiratory syncytial (RS) viruses belong to the pneumovirus genus of the paramyxoviridae [65]. The virus genome is a single strand of negative sense R N A which is transcribed into ten major species of messenger RNA, each of which encodes a viral protein. Three glycoproteins are associated with the surface of the virion and the infected cell the a t tachment protein, G, the fusion protein,...

 Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a recently identified RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family, which includes several major human and animal pathogens. Epidemiological studies indicate that hMPV is a significant human respiratory pathogen with worldwide distribution. It is associated with respiratory illnesses in children, adults, and immunocompromised patients, ranging from upper re...

Measles virus (MV) and canine distemper virus (CDV) cDNA clones have been used to study the morbillivirus group of the Paramyxoviridae. Strong nucleotide homology has been shown to exist between the N genes of MV and CDV and between the P genes of all members of the group. Each member of the group induces similar mRNA species on infection in Vero cells and their order on the genome can be deduc...

Measles is one of the most contagious viral diseases, and remains a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. The measles virus (MV), a member of the family Paramyxoviridae, enters cells through a cellular receptor, the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM), CD46 or nectin-4. Entry is mediated by two MV envelope glycoproteins, the hemagglutinin (H) and the fusion (F)...

Mumps is an acute viral infection caused by a member of the Rubulavirus genus in the Paramyxoviridae family. Although it is mostly a childhood disease, with peak incidence occurring among those aged 5–9 years, mumps virus (MuV) may also affect teenagers. MuV is known to affect the salivary glands causing parotid swelling; however, it can also produce an acute systemic infection involving glandu...

Parainfluenza viruses (PIV) are common respiratory viruses that belong to the Paramyxoviridae family. PIV infection can lead to a wide variety of clinical syndromes ranging from mild upper respiratory illness to severe pneumonia. Severe disease can be seen in elderly or chronically ill persons and may be fatal in persons with compromised immune systems, particularly children with severe combine...

The recognition of pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by pattern recognition receptors (PRR) during viral infection initiates the induction of antiviral signaling pathways, including activation of the Interferon Regulator Factor 3 (IRF3). We identified small molecule compounds that activate IRF3 through MAVS, thereby inhibiting infection by viruses of the families Flaviviridae (West...

The sequence of the fusion (F) glycoprotein of turkey rhinotracheitis virus (TRTV) has been deduced from cDNA clones derived from oligo(dT)-selected infected cell RNA. The protein consists of 538 amino acids, the F2 and F1 subunits containing 102 (including the F2-F1 connecting peptide RRRR) and 436 residues, respectively. Each subunit has one potential N-linked glycosylation site. The protein ...

UNLABELLED We have previously shown that IFIT1 is primarily responsible for the antiviral action of interferon (IFN) alpha/beta against parainfluenza virus type 5 (PIV5), selectively inhibiting the translation of PIV5 mRNAs. Here we report that while PIV2, PIV5, and mumps virus (MuV) are sensitive to IFIT1, nonrubulavirus members of the paramyxoviridae such as PIV3, Sendai virus (SeV), and cani...