In dealing with concentration or dose-response effects in biological systems, one usually expects to find fairly regular monotonic changes, especially at low concentrations of a promoting or an inhibiting reagent. Oftentimes, however, competing reactions and/or interfering species produce anomalous “paradoxical” effects. These occur when the rate of a reaction or a response at first increases w...

IFN-a: interferon alfa LTT: lymphocyte transportation test TNF-a: tumor necrosis factorealfa T umor necrosis factor alfa (TNF-a) antagonists are commonly used to treat inflammatory disorders and are considered particularly effective in the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis. Paradoxically, however, new-onset occurrence orworsening of psoriasis has been increasingly recognized among patie...

TNF-α inhibitors (TNFis) have revolutionized the treatment of certain chronic immune-mediated diseases, being widely and successfully used in rheumatic inflammatory also proved their efficacy bowel disease (IBD). However, among side effects these agents are so-called paradoxical effects. They can be defined as appearance or exacerbation a pathological condition that usually responds to this cla...

Treatment with rosiglitazone has been associated with severe paradoxical HDL-c reductions. To our knowledge, there are very few reports of this reaction occurring when patients are treated without the combination of a fibrate. A case of severe HDL-c lowering in a patient treated with rosiglitazone without a fibrate is presented. The patient has been treated at a private practice clinic in south...

Abdominal tuberculosis is not a rare disease, but obstructive jaundice caused by tuberculosis (tuberculous lymphadenitis, tuberculous enlargement of the head of pancreas, and/or tuberculous stricture of the biliary tree) is rare. We recently experienced a case of obstructive jaundice as a result of paradoxical reaction of periportal tuberculous lymphadenopathy that was treated successfully with...

We propose a mechanism whereby a random alternation of two dynamics each leading to a different homogeneous state can lead to complex ordered structures. The proposed general formalism, based on the ideas of so-called paradoxical games, is illustrated via numerical simulations of particular examples. The relevance of the present study to other situations that lead to pattern formation, such as ...

We are reporting a case of zolpidem induced multimodal hallucinations in a 22 year old female without any history of psychiatric disorders. Zolpidem, by acting on gamma-amino butyric acid type A receptor has a potential to cause a paradoxical reaction and there also exists a possibility of an induced delirium with its use. This case reports evaluates its potential to cause multimodal hallucinat...