Recent experiments have perfectly verified the fact that quantum correlations between two entangled particles are stronger than any classical, local pre-quantum worldview allows. This is famously called the EPR paradox first conceived as a thought experiment and decades later realized in the lab. We discuss in depth the nature of the paradox and show that the problematics it presents is first a...

User equilibrium with recourse (UER) is a static traffic assignment equilibrium model. The model accounts for the adaptive behaviour of users when provided additional information en-route within a transport network. Similar to the traditional deterministic user equilibrium (DUE) model, this equilibrium model analytically exhibits what is known as the “Braess Paradox”. The paradox suggests that ...

Parrondo's paradox is ubiquitous in games, ratchets and random walks. The apparent paradox, devised by J. M. R. Parrondo, that two losing games A and B can produce a winning outcome has been adapted in many physical and biological systems to explain their working. However, proposals on demonstrating Parrondo's paradox using quantum walks failed for a large number of steps. In this work, we show...

Health statistics and epidemiologic studies have shown that Hispanics live longer than Non Hispanic Whites, despite a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and an average low socioeconomic status, both strong predictors of CVD and mortality. This phenomenon has been dubbed "The Hispanic paradox" and has been demonstrated in old and contemporary cohorts. To date, no factor...

An analysis of customer survey data using direct and reverse linear regression leads to inconsistent conclusions with respect to the effect of a group variable. This counterintuitive phenomenon, called the “regression paradox,” causes seemingly contradictory group effects when the predictor and regressand are interchanged. Using analytical developments as well as geometric arguments, we describ...

This paper proposes a new paradox: the paradox of toil. Suppose everyone wakes up one day and decides they want to work more. What happens to aggregate employment? This paper shows that, under certain conditions, aggregate employment falls; that is, there is less work in the aggregate because everyone wants to work more. The conditions for the paradox to apply are that the short-term nominal in...

The Todaro Paradox Revisited The Todaro Paradox states that policies aimed at reducing urban unemployment are bound to backfire: they will raise rather than reduce urban unemployment. The aim of this paper is to reexamine this paradox in the context of efficiency wage and search-matching models. For that, we study a policy that consists in decreasing the urban unemployment benefit. In an effici...

Adam Brandenburger and H. Jerome Keisler have recently discovered a two person Russell-style paradox. They show that the following configurations of beliefs is impossible: Ann believes that Bob assumes that Ann believes that Bob’s assumption is wrong. In [7] a modal logic interpretation of this paradox is proposed. The idea is to introduce two modal operators intended to represent the agents’ b...

A paradox of dynamic routing in the Cohen-Kelly network is studied. Intuitively, we expect that adding capacity to a network improves the performance of the users. Braess showed an example wherein the opposite occurs. We refer to such a situation as a paradox. In this paper, we deal with a class of queueing networks in which Cohen and Kelly discovered a paradox in static routing. We consider th...

In 1964 José Benardete invented the “New Zeno Paradox” about an infinity of gods trying to prevent a traveller from reaching his destination. In this paper it is argued, contra Priest and Yablo, that the paradox must be resolved by rejecting the possibility of actual infinity. Further, it is shown that this paradox has the same logical form as Yablo’s Paradox. It is suggested that constructivis...