this kind of marriage (mir) is one of the controversial issues of pre-islamic iran. some have attributed it to all iranians while others have attributed it to a certain group in ancient iran. undoubtedly mir has never been specific to iran and similar typical examples can be found in other cultures and religions. this paper after presenting the history of mir looks at firdausi’s shahnameh that ...

The history of Shiraz University School of Medicine (the former Pahlavi University School of Medicine) is important if we are to understand the development of medical education in Iran during the 20th century. This medical school took a unique path to its development including full-time faculty members, use of English as its institutional language, and emphasis on self learning. However, the mo...

You Say Want a Revolution? Radical Idealism and Its Tragic ConsequencesDaniel Chirot. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2020. £25.00/$29.95. 192 pp.Bullets Not Ballots: Success in Counterinsurgency WarfareJacqueline L. Hazelton. Ithaca, NY: Cornell 2021. $39.95. 220 pp.Coping with Defeat: Sunni Islam, Roman Catholicism, the Modern StateJonathan Laurence. £28.00/$35.00. 606 pp.The Last ...

The two ancient civilizations of Iran and India, due to their long-standing cultural, political and economic relations, have had a relative cognition of each other's identity, which has, over time, become more logical, complete, and at times symbolic. Undoubtedly, in order to understand the history of Iran and India in ancient times and how these two nations interacted, we must inevitably find ...

Abstract Ancient Iranians knew well “bears”, in spite of the fact that they are not frequently mentioned oldest literature Zoroastrians. Despite classification bears as wild and demonic beasts, their common name was particularly affected by strong unexpected changes due to linguistic taboos, at least earlier phases. The present article investigates position within Pahlavi discusses some aspects...