BACKGROUND A relatively high level of serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) is required to maintain normal bone turnover in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). 'Uraemic toxins' could cause an impaired response to PTH in bone and result in low turnover bone disease. Since phenylacetic acid (PAA) has been identified as one of the uraemic toxins in patients with CKD and has an inhibiting propert...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate polyasparagine (PAA), a new, promising scaffold. PAA was compared with alginate, which is used in cell transplantations and may be regarded as a standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro cell viability on both scaffolds was assessed. C57B1 mice were injected s. c. alginate or PAA with or without 3T3 cells. After two months specimens from sites...

The effects of surfactant polyacrylate acid (PAA) on shape evolution of 0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.3PbTiO3 (0.7PMN-0.3PT) nanorods were studied. The results revealed that the polyacrylic acid content had great influence on the morphology of 0.7PMN-0.3PT. With increasing PAA concentration from 0.45 to 0.82 g/ml, the ratio of perovskite phase (PMN-PT nanorod) increased, while the ratio of pyrochlore p...

Sugarcane bagasse was delignified with alkali and peracetic acid in a two-stage process to obtain pulps with high yield and low kappa number. The experimental results indicated that alkali pretreatment prior to peracetic acid (PAA) delignification could significantly reduce PAA loading by partially removing lignin and swelling the fibers. An optimum condition for the two-stage delignification w...

The aim of this study was to prepare different sized porous anodic alumina (PAA) and examine preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) attachment and proliferation on such nanoporous surfaces. In this study, PAA with tunable pore sizes (25 nm, 50 nm, and 75 nm) were fabricated by a two-step anodizing procedure in oxalic acid. The surface morphology and elemental composition of PAA were characterized by field em...

Calcium-deficient apatitic (cd-HA) crystals with core-shell nanostructure with needlelike shape, 5-10nm in diameter and 20-80nm in length, were prepared via an in situ formation in the presence of polyacrylic acid (PAA) under aqueous solution of different pH values, ranging from 9 to 11. Nanostructure of the resulting crystals showing a core-shell configuration with a thin layer of PAA shell of...

Mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1, resistant to phosphonoformate (PFA) and phosphonoacetate (PAA), have been selected in cell culture. The PFAresistant mutant (HSV-PFAr) and the PAA-resistant mutant (HSV-PAAr) were also resistant to PAA and PFA, respectively. This cross-resistance indicates that PFA and PAA interact at the same site. The HSV-PFAr had a decreased susceptibility to vidarabin...

Polyacrylate (PAA) adsorbents selectively bind low density lipoproteins (LDL) from human plasma and blood, whereas very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) are only minimally adsorbed. The adsorption of cholesterol-rich lipoproteins to PAA adsorbents is related to the molecular weight (mw) of the polyanion ligand. Ca(++) and Mg(++) inhibit the binding of LDL to PAA adsorbents. The chemical composit...

Recently, L. R. Rubin, T. Watanabe and the author have introduced approximate inverse systems and approximate resolutions, a new tool designed to study topological spaces. These systems differ from the usual inverse systems in that the bonding maps paa′ are not subject to the commutativity requirement paa′pa′a′′ = paa′′ , a ≤ a′ ≤ a′′. Instead, the mappings paa′pa′a′′ and paa′′ are allowed to d...

N-sodium acrylate-O-carboxymethyl chitosan [CMCH-g-PAA(Na)] bound Fe3O4 nanoparticles were developed as a novel magnetic nanoparticles with an ionic structure that can be potentially used in many fields. CMCH-g-PAA (Na) was obtained by grafting of sodium polyacrylate on O-carboxymethyl chitosan, which is an amphiphilic polyelectrolyte with the biocompatibility and biodegra...