Along with remarkable advancement of radiocommunication services including satellite services, the radio-frequency spectrum and geostationary-satellite orbit are getting congested. WRC-15 was held in November 2015 to study and implement efficient use of those natural resources. There were a number of satellite-related agenda items associated with frequency allocation, new usages of satellite co...

This paper takes a broad view on the history and the present status of satellite communications and broadcasting. The necessary starting point of this overview is the visionary papers produced by Sir Arthur C. Clarke and John Pierce. This was the real dawn of the satellite communication era. This paper attempts to explain the “fil rouge” of the evolution of satellite technologies across six dec...

The simian adeno-satellite virus apparently cannot multiply unless host cells are co-infected with a 'helper' adenovirus. Following simultaneous infection of green monkey kidney cells with simian adenovirus (SV 15) and its satellite, satellite antigen was first detected by immunofluorescence in the nucleus 10 to 12 hr after inoculation, while adenovirus antigen was first detected at 16 hr. A si...

in this paper, we propose a unified and interactive mobile learning (M-Learning) model to help with expanding and spreading education in the Arab Homeland countries. The model utilizes a new competitive spot beam satellite communication technology, which enables efficient channel allocation, where communication channels can be allocated to specific and precise areas. The proposed model is refer...

Satellite DNA profiles have been characterized in the congeneric species Palorus ratzeburgii, Palorus subdepressus, Palorus genalis, and Palorus ficicola (Coleoptera, Insecta), each of which contains a single, A + T-rich satellite DNA comprising a considerable portion of the genome (20%-40%). These satellites exhibit insignificant mutual sequence similarity. Using PCR assay, it has been shown t...

The location of a sequence within the Y satellite RNA of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) that confers the ability to induce necrosis on tomato plants has been analysed using chimeric satellite RNAs. These recombinant RNA molecules contained parts of the Y (necrogenic) and Ra (benign) satellite RNAs and were inoculated into tomato plants together with CMV helper virus. From the composition of the re...

Satellite cells function as precursor cells in mature skeletal muscle homeostasis and regeneration. In healthy tissue, these cells are maintained in a state of quiescence by a microenvironment formed by myofibers and basement membrane in which LAMININs (LMs) form a major component. In the present study, we evaluated the satellite cell microenvironment in vivo and found that these cells are enca...

Satellite cells play a central role in mediating the growth and regeneration of skeletal muscle. However, whether satellite cells are stem cells, committed progenitors, or dedifferentiated myoblasts has remained unclear. Using Myf5-Cre and ROSA26-YFP Cre-reporter alleles, we observed that in vivo 10% of sublaminar Pax7-expressing satellite cells have never expressed Myf5. Moreover, we found tha...

The objective of this study was to establish the optimum protocol for the isolation and culture of porcine muscle satellite cells. Mononuclear muscle satellite cells are a kind of adult stem cell, which is located between the basal lamina and sarcolemma of muscle fibers and is the primary source of myogenic precursor cells in postnatal muscle. Muscle satellite cells are a useful model to invest...

By its nature, the satellite sector is the most “pan-European” of all communications infrastructures and services. Unlike any terrestrial network, satellite networks can provide coverage to all parts of Europe. This strength of satellite networks, nonetheless, creates a great regulatory challenge. Due to wide satellite coverage, operators depend on harmonized spectrum allocations. The services ...