Abstract Background There is a paucity of data describing the incidence and causes escalation in level care after oesophagectomy for cancer. This study aimed to address this, including description baseline predisposing variables, contrasting profile among different surgical approaches oesophagectomy. Methods was retrospective analysis prospectively maintained database (‘CODA’) at UK tertiary ce...

We study how Chinese private entrepreneurs benefit from participating in politics. Using original hand-collected data on listed firms controlled by private entrepreneurs, we document a significant positive relationship between political participation and change in firm performance. We also provide evidence that the change in social status cannot explain the change in performance. We then identi...

The authors report a case regarding a 7-year-old girl affected by short height, bone growth delay, lipidic alterations (hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and high apolipoprotein B values) and by a partial duplication of the short arm of the third chromosome: 46,XX, dup(3)(p26-pter). This chromosomal alteration appears "de novo", as the parent's karyotypes are normal and none of the pat...

In this paper there is a investigation of Ukraine’s contradictory attitude to reform. This attitude has seen the country characterised by hesitancy on reforms which has stifled its economic performance in areas such as privatisation and competition policy. Most notably the presence of interest and lobby groups, conflict between political institutions, and contradictory conceptions of economic r...

It is often important to take country specific institutional features into account in a political economic analysis. We do so in an analysis of Albania. It is argued that the politico-economic system there is characterized by the existence of clans. We study the role of clans by estimating vote functions. The results show major differences across clans in response to government policies. Estima...

In an interconnected world, economic and political interests inevitably reach beyond national borders. Since policy choices generate external costs, foreign state non-state actors have interest in influencing actions other sovereign countries to their advantage. Foreign influence is a strategic choice aimed at internalizing these externalities takes three principal forms: (i) voluntary agreemen...