We investigated the existence and characteristics of ammonia oxidizers in Permian water from Midland Basin. Molecular surveys targeting the amoA gene showed that only ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) exist and have potential activity in this special environment. In contrast, no ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) were detected in the water. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that 72-89% of the total s...

Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) are ubiquitous in various marine environments and play important roles in the global nitrogen and carbon cycles. We here present a high-quality draft genome sequence of an ammonia-oxidizing archaeon, "Candidatus Nitrosopumilus koreensis" AR1, which was found to dominate an ammonia-oxidizing enrichment culture in marine sediment off Svalbard, the Arctic Circle. De...

The atmosphere is an oxidizing medium. Many environmentally important trace gases emitted from the Earth’s surface are removed from the atmosphere by oxidation. The list includes methane and other organic compounds, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur gases (Table 1). Understanding the processes and rates by which species are oxidized in the atmosphere, i.e., the oxidizing power of the...

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation inhibited sulfur oxidation by cells of Thiobacillus thiooxidans. Sulfur-oxidizing activity decreased as the exposure time to UV light increased. A loss of the ability of cells of fix CO(2) paralleled the loss of sulfur-oxidizing activity. UV light photoinactivated ubiquinone purified from T. thiooxidans. The same percentage of sulfur-oxidizing activity and ubiquinon...

Batch culture of Ralstonia eutropha using the recycled gas closed circuit culture system was conducted in order to develop a practical fermentation system for industrial autotrophic culture for poly (hydroxybutrate) production. The gas phase of the culture system consisted of substrate gas so that gases in this culture could be recycled as long as the amount of the gas consumed would be repleni...

Bacterial manganese (Mn) oxidation plays an important role in the global biogeochemical cycling of Mn and other compounds, and the diversity and prevalence of Mn oxidizers have been well established. Despite many hypotheses of why these bacteria may oxidize Mn, the physiological reasons remain elusive. Intracellular Mn levels were determined for Pseudomonas putida GB-1 grown in the presence or ...