Mineral dust aerosols emitted from the Earth crust during various natural and anthropogenic processes continuously alter the chemical balance of the atmosphere via heterogeneous processes and thus, impact on the global climate. Understanding of heterogeneous chemistry and photochemistry on mineral dust has become vital to accurately predict the effect of mineral dust loading on the Earth’s atmo...

The fate of trace elements in soils, sediments, and surface waters is largely determined by their binding to reactive components, of which organic matter, metal oxides, and clays are considered most important. Assemblage models, combining separate mechanistic complexation models for each of the reactive components, can be used to predict the solid-solution partitioning and speciation of trace e...

Leather processing is an important industry in China, and the discharge of chromium waste has been severely circumscribed. Though traditional processes for treating chromium waste have been widely used in tannery plants, technology adopting high efficiency and economic simultaneously is deficient. In order to develop an economic treatment for tannery waste, a mixed alkali of sodium hydroxide an...

The oxidation of arsenite (As(III)) via Mn-oxides is an important process for natural arsenic (As) cycling and for developing in situ strategies for remediation of As-contaminated waters. In this study, the influence of goethite (alpha-FeOOH), phosphate, and bacteria/biopolymer coatings on the initial As(III) oxidation kinetics by a hydrous Mn-oxide (delta-MnO(2)) is examined via both batch exp...

There is an amazing array of concretions throughout the sedimentary record Earth, and now iron oxide examples (“blueberries”) recognized in several regions Mars. Two questions address current state knowledge on nodular cemented mineral masses as well coloration patterns. Collectively authigenic cements patterns chronicle past diagenetic conditions, particularly clastic rocks.

Simple dynamic light scattering (DLS)-based methodologies were developed to determine primary particle size distribution of iron oxide particles in simulated gastrointestinal fluid. Iron oxide particles, which easily agglomerate in aqueous media, were converted into dispersed particles by modification of surface charge using citric acid and sodium citrate. After the modification, zeta-potential...

BACKGROUND Copper is an essential mineral involved in the formation and stabilisation of extracellular skin proteins. As copper can be absorbed through intact skin, we reasoned that using socks containing copper-impregnated fibres may have an effect on skin elasticity. METHODS A double blind, placebo controlled study was conducted in which one group of healthy volunteers (n = 32) wore socks w...

AIM This was to carry out a review of the literature concerning mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Portland cement with regards to clinical, biological and mechanical findings and a possible substitution of MTA through Portland cement for endodontic use. STUDY DESIGN Electronic literature search of scientific papers from January 1993 to January 2009 was carried out on the MEDLINE and Scopus...