Production of apoplastic reactive oxygen species (ROS), or oxidative burst, is among the first responses of plants upon recognition of microorganisms. It requires peroxidase or NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity and factors maintaining cellular redox homeostasis. Here, PpTSPO1 involved in mitochondrial tetrapyrrole transport and abiotic (salt) stress tolerance was tested for its role in biotic stress...

Exploration class human spaceflight missions will require astronauts with robust immune systems. Innate immunity will be an essential element for the healthcare maintenance of astronauts during these lengthy expeditions. This study investigated neutrophil phagocytosis, oxidative burst, and degranulation of 25 astronauts after four space shuttle missions and in nine healthy control subjects. Spa...

OBJECTIVE The effects of nitric oxide donor SNAP and nitric oxide inhibitors L-NMMA and AG on the functions of neutrophils in patients with Behçet's Disease (BD) were investigated in vitro. METHODS Oxidative burst and phagocytosis of neutrophils were evaluated by flow cytometry in patients with Behçet's disease (n = 32), inflammatory (n = 17) and healthy controls (n = 14), in the presence of ...

Lipophosphoglycan (LPG), a surface glycoconjugate of Leishmania promastigotes, has been reported as playing an active role in protecting the parasite within phagolysosomes, by an impairment of monocyte oxidative responses. In this study the effect of LPG on the oxidative burst of human peripheral monocytes, eosinophils and neutrophils was evaluated. Our results demonstrated that either superoxi...

The immune system of neonatal chicks is functionally immature during the first week of life. Researchers have previously demonstrated that the avian humoral response can be increased with probiotics. Although the humoral response provides the chick with an effective mechanism to combat pathogens, sufficient antibody titers are not attained until 7 to 10 d postinfection. However, the innate immu...

Ocean warming has exacerbated the severity of coral diseases, many of which are mediated by pathogenic bacteria. In response to the presence of pathogens various organisms activate an oxidative burst response, involving strong and rapid generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that serve both as bactericides and as signals for other defense systems. While many components of the coral immune ...