This paper discusses a ‘differential approach’ to acoustic model adaptation to different channel, noise and speaker conditions for speech recognition with a concept of vector field adaptation. Adaptation of acoustic model, such as HMM output probability densities, is modeled as a vector field in the acoustic feature vector space which effects on the models to move along the local vector directi...

Channel puncturing transforms a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel into sparse lower-triangular form using the so-called WL decomposition scheme in order to reduce tree-based detection complexity. We propose computationally efficient soft-output detectors based on two forms of puncturing: augmented and two-sided. The detector (AWLD) employs punctured derived by triangularizing true f...

Our timed Z-channel (a general case of the Z-channel) appears as the basis for a large class of covert channels. Golomb analyzed the Z-channel, a memo-ryless channel with two input symbols and two output symbols, where one of the input symbols is transmitted with noise while the other is transmitted without noise, and the output symbol transmission times are equal. We introduce the timed Z-chan...

In this paper, we analyze the semiblind mutual information (MI) between the input and output of a MIMO channel. To that end we consider the popular block fading model. We assume that some training/pilot symbols get inserted at the beginning of each burst. We show that the average MI over a transmission burst can be decomposed into symbol position dependent contributions. The MI component at a c...

A spike that is the result of calcium permeability through potassium channels was separated from the action potential is squid giant axons internally perfused with a 30 mM NaF solution and bathed in a 100 mM CaCl2 solution by blocking sodium channels with tetrodotoxin. Currents through potassium channels were studied under voltage clamp. The records showed a clear voltage-dependent inactivation...