نتایج جستجو برای: out of pocket expenditure pool mean group
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Background. The financial effect of households’ out-of-pocket payments (OOP) on access and use health systems has been extensively studied in the literature, especially emerging or developing countries. However, it subject little research European countries, is almost nonexistent after crisis 2008. aim work to analyze incidence intensity catastrophism derived from Spanish associated with care d...
health economists look towards health care sector as a market whereby there is a distinct demand and supply phenomenon exists. dearth of regulation of the doctors' practices lead to inappropriate and unjustifiable demand for health care among the patients. in developing and under-developed countries, this adverse practice may push a poor family into a vicious circle of poverty and illness, espe...
burnout is a response to the chronic work stress which is prevalent mostly among the people who do people job, like teaching. the purpose of this study was to develop a valid and reliable instrument that can measure burnout in foreign language teachers. although some widely used instruments were developed before which measured burnout in teachers, a specific instrument which include specific sy...
this study explored reading strategy use of tefl ma students when they read academic research articles in english. the purpose of this study was to investigate how this group of readers typically approaches reading academic research articles related to their field of study, and also what they do in reading such research articles. the aim of the present study was bilateral. first, the researcher...
BACKGROUND Previous studies have documented the high costs of non-dialysis dependent chronic kidney disease (CKD) but out-of-pocket healthcare expenditures remain poorly explored. This study described total direct and out-of-pocket expenditures for adults with non-dialysis dependent CKD and compared expenditures with those for cancer or stroke. METHODS This study used data from the 2011-2013 ...
Background & objectives In India, health expenditure accounts for less than 5 per cent of the Gross Domestic Product and the level of out-of-pocket (OOP) spending is 69.5 per cent of total health expenditures. OOP expenditure exacerbates poverty and has a negative impact on equity and can increase the risk of vulnerable groups slipping into poverty. This study was conducted to estimate the OOP ...
Background and Aim: When there is a big difference among income groups in a society, public health and healthcare costs may be affected through multiple channels. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of inequality and poverty (and other socio-economic characteristics of communities) on public health indicators and the structure of cost payments. Materials and Methods: The presen...
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