Anterior insular and orbitofrontal cortex (AIC and OFC, respectively) are known to play important roles in decision making under risk. However, risk-related AIC neural activity has not been investigated and it is controversial whether the rodent OFC conveys genuine risk signals. To address these issues, we examined AIC and OFC neuronal activity in rats responding to five distinct auditory cues ...

Diagnosis of food allergy should be based on the observation of allergic symptoms after intake of the suspected food. The oral food challenge test (OFC) is the most reliable clinical procedure for diagnosing food allergy. The OFC is also applied for the diagnosis of tolerance of food allergy. The Japanese Society of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology issued the 'Japanese Pediatric Guidel...

Although it is a rare developmental malformation, van der Woude syndrome is the most common form of syndromic orofacial clefting, accounting for approximately 2% of all cleft cases. The lower lip pits with or without a cleft lip or palate is characteristic of the syndrome. Findings, such as hypodontia, limb deformities, popliteal webs, ankylogossia, ankyloblepheron, and genitourinary and cardio...

Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) is a common birth defect (birth prevalence ranging from 1/500 to 1/2,000) with a complex etiology. Traits potentially related to CL/P, such as dermatoglyphics, may reflect the genetic and epidemiologic heterogeneity observed in CL/P. Such phenotypic heterogeneity in dermatoglyphic patterns may account for some of the variability in previously report...

Aim : To assess the prevalence of dental caries among cleft lip / cleft palate patients in 35 years of age, at Jain Hospital. Methods: The study sample consisted of 100 children visiting Jain Hospital Bangalore in the age group of 3 to 5 years. Dental caries status was recorded using dmfs index by Grubbel.A.O. Results: Fifty percent of the children had caries and was significantly greater in cl...

This paper introduces the Objective Fitness Correlation, a new tool to analyze the evaluation accuracy of coevolutionary algorithms. Accurate evaluation is an essential ingredient in creating adequate coevolutionary dynamics. Based on the notion of a solution concept, a new definition for objective fitness in coevolution is provided. The correlation between the objective fitness and the subject...

Background and Objectives : It has been suggested previously that increased width of midfacial structure is associated with the development of palatal clefting. One of the most important heritable characteristics predisposing towards the development of orofacial clefting in an embryo is craniofacial morphology. The aim of the study was to compare nasomaxillary width of parents of children with ...

Orofacial clefts, including cleft lip with or without palate (CL/P) and cleft palate (CP), are one of the most common congenital malformations in Asian populations, where the rate of incidence is higher than in European or other racial groups. A number of candidate genes have been identified for orofacial clefts, although no single candidate has been consistently identified in all studies. We p...

The amino acid citrulline is poorly represented in food, except for the Cucurbitaceae family of fruits (watermelons, etc.) and sap from birch trees, which have both been used in the treatment of reproductive disorders for centuries. Recently, an interesting observation was published regarding citrulline as a promising candidate biomarker of abnormal embryogenesis. Our study was undertaken to in...