The purpose of this study was to compare videofluoroscopy (VFS), fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) and oro-pharyngo- oesophageal scintigraphy (OPES) with regards to premature spillage, post-swallowing residue and aspiration to assess the reliability of these tests for detection of oro-pharyngeal dysphagia. Sixty patients affected with dysphagia of various origin were enrolle...

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease affecting primarily the skin, peripheral nerves, respiratory system and the eyes. Leprosy induces various types of clinical presentation affecting the patient's immune response. Cell-mediated immunity is considered to be the crucial defence against the disease and the magnitude of this immunity defines the extent of the disease. The article presents two c...

The concept of pain has evolved from that of a one-dimensional sensation to that of a multi-dimensional experience encompassing sensory, discriminate, cognitive, motivational and aff ective qualities. Pain is the presenting symptom of a broad spectrum of diseases that needs to be diagnosed and treated. Establishing a precise diagnosis and providing eff ective treatment have become major challen...

Background In general, the oro-maxillo-facial infections, including the abscesses in the head and neck spaces, are mixed infections, involving anaerobic bacteria in association with facultative anaerobic microorganisms, with the predominance of the first ones. Since most anaerobes are fastidious bacteria, their isolation and identification are not routinely performed by the clinical laboratory,...

Oro-antral communication is a common complication of exodontia as well as trauma and pathology or may result during surgical procedures. It is therefore routinely encountered in the maxillofacial clinic and results in the inflammation of the sinus membrane and subsequent complaint of pain and pus discharge from the infected sinus cavity frequently appearing on the radiograph as an opacification...

Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome (RTS) is a rare multiple congenital syndrome characterized by distinctive facial features, mental and growth retardation, broad thumbs and great toes. This case report describes the oro-dental manifestations, as well as, orthodontic evaluation of a 9-year-old male patient who had RTS. The remarkable oro-dental features were talon-like cingulum on maxillary central inci...

It has been reported that swallowing is a rhythmic movement, in which the onset of the oro-pharyngeal stage of swallowing starts from the mylohyoid muscle, followed by movement of the oral and pharyngeal muscles, and reaching the superior esophageal sphincter muscle. This is defined as the oro-pharyngeal stage of swallowing. It has also been reported that along with this movement, the larynx el...