The paper discusses the development of cognitive skills in control of realtime, event-driven systems with long time lag. Using simulators of ship steering, and based on thinking-aloud protocol experiments, it is shown that unskilled persons may devote most of the initial period of learning control skills to understanding the causal behavior of the human-machine interface. Experts employ goal-or...

irrigular land use, land degradation and increasing yield per surface area unit supplicate to be inevitable optimal land utilization.so land evaluation, planning and management to be necessary to achieve a sustainabledevelopment.following this trend, microleis (mediterranean land evaluation information system)has evolved towards an agro-ecological decision support system.the goal of this study ...

“Eco-urbanization” emphasizes the importance of the ecological and environmental aspects of urbanization, which is to approach a balanced and healthy ecosystem through paying attention to the ecological intercorrelation of many factors. This involves balancing the stocks and utilization of multi-resources and balancing the efficiency and equality of multi-resources allocation to improve the qua...

In this work, novel symbolic step encodings of the transition relation for object based communicating state machines are presented. This class of systems is tailored to capture the essential data manipulation features of UML state machines when enriched with a Java-like object oriented action language. The main contribution of the work is the generalization of the ∃-step semantics approach, whi...

The proposed Wisconsin Land Information System (WLIS) will be a statewide access mechanism for land related data. It will be a distributed Web-based system with heterogeneous data residing on local and state servers. One of the most important functions for WLIS is to integrate land use data across jurisdictions to enable decision-making for comprehensive land use planning. Here, we describe the...

The new standard ISO 14649 provides CAD/CAPP/CAM/CNC with an interface and a comprehensive high level and detailed manufacturing information. CNC technology based on STEP-NC will be the future trend, and the intelligent process planning is the core of STEP-NC oriented CNC technology. The objective of this research is to present the architecture, key technologies and implementation of STEP-NC or...

structural characteristics and spatial distribution of major farming systems in mountain environment of the iranian plateau as well as their developments in the past few decades have been studied by statistical analysis. using this new approach, towards the study of natural resource allocation methods in mountains of iran, the following resulted: land and resource use practices have followed a ...

In mainland China, many enterprises still use early client/server technologies for their supply chain management (SCM). However, with China’s participating in WHO and economy globalization improving, Enterprises in mainland China have to compete with multinational companies. They have to move from client/server technologies to service oriented architectures (SOA) in order to their SCM can catch...

In many developing countries, limiting factors for development of sustainable production systems include variability in agro-ecological and socio-economic conditions, poor access to geo-referenced data and information, and poor relationship between the civil society, researchers and decision makers. Working with Interactive Development Scenarios (IDS) models may provide a way to plan (agricultu...

As the labeling cost for different modules in task-oriented dialog (ToD) systems is high, a major challenge to learn tasks with least amount of labeled data. Recently, pre-trained language models (PLMs) have shown promising results few-shot learning ToD. To better utilize power PLMs, this paper proposes Comprehensive Instruction (CINS) that exploits PLMs extra task-specific instructions. We des...