Following a full mast production in autumn 1995 in the old growth beech forest of la Tillaie, France, cupules, live and dead yearling seedlings were counted in September 1996 in 40 plots, embracing a wide range of ecological conditions. The influence of geomorphology and forest stage on mast production and on seedling establishment and survival was studied. Maximum seedling abundance did not oc...

Oriental medicine has constituted a significant portion of health care in Korea, but discussion regarding the legal duties of Oriental medicine professionals has been marginalized. This article proposes the first step in discussing the duty of Oriental doctors and pharmacists to inform their patients about the medicine they provide. It begins by introducing the only decision the Supreme Court o...

Norway spruce (Picea abies) forests exhibit lower annual atmospheric methane consumption rates than do European beech (Fagus sylvatica) forests. In the current study, pmoA (encoding a subunit of membrane-bound CH(4) monooxygenase) genes from three temperate forest ecosystems with both beech and spruce stands were analyzed to assess the potential effect of tree species on methanotrophic communit...

A significant loss of biodiversity resulting from human activity has caused biotic homogenisation to become the dominant process shaping forest communities. In this paper, we present a rare case of biotic differentiation in European temperate deciduous forest herb layer vegetation. The process is occurring in nutrient poor oak-hornbeam forests in mountain areas (Polish Eastern Carpathians, Cent...

Knowledge of the nutrient content edible seeds oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) as a food resource for rural people, is incomplete and there need studies that will provide this information. The collected from 12 different locations in primary distribution area Turkey were investigated their oil fatty acid composition. contents these populations determined by gas chromatography-mass spec...

Background and Purpose: It is widely accepted that south-European peninsulas were major refugial areas from where European beech, Fagus sylvatica L., spread to the rest of Europe in the Holocene. The aim of this paper is to review and evaluate all the available data and present different types of evidence, some of them new or overlooked until now, to support the hypothesis on the existence of g...

Little is known about the movement of stoats in alpine grassland, where several species of native birds, reptiles and invertebrates are potentially at risk from predation. Radio-tracking, live trapping and tracking tunnel techniques were used to sample stoats in two adjacent habitats to determine whether the home range of stoats in beech forest valley floors extends into neighbouring alpine gra...

This study uses data from forty-nine 20 m × 20 m permanent plots measured in 1976, 1982, 1989 and 1997-2002 in Wakatipu Forest, western Otago. We relate changes in red (Nothofagus fusca), silver (Nothofagus menziesii) and mountain beech (Nothofagus solandri var. cliffortioides) forest vegetation to the presence of fallow deer (Dama dama). Vegetation composition is likely to have been altered pr...

Human-induced forest modification can alter parasite-host interactions and might change the persistence of host populations. We captured individuals of two widespread European passerines (Fringilla coelebs and Sylvia atricapilla) in southwestern Germany to disentangle the associations of forest types and parasitism by haemosporidian parasites on the body condition of birds. We compared parasite...

13 Supercritical water treatment (380ºC/100MPa/8s) was applied to extractives-14 free oil palm trunk and sapwood portion of Japanese beech and their fractionated 15 products were comparatively characterized, for water-soluble portion and water-16 insoluble portion composed of methanol-soluble portion and methanol-insoluble 17 residue. As a result, the water-soluble portion was determined to be ...