The chemical sector is the third largest industry in Europe. There is increasing evidence from epidemiological and clinical studies that occupational exposures to organic solvents may have detrimental effect on hearing. Most of the literature data concern one of the three following types of exposure to industrial solvents: mixed solvent exposure (the most common type); styrene-only exposure; an...

Metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions have developed into a standard component of the synthetic chemist’s toolbox [1–4]. These reactions date to thework ofUllmann and Goldberg in the early 1900s on copper-promoted C–C and C–heteroatom bond formations. Copper remained the catalyst of choice for these reactions until the pioneeringwork ofHeck, Suzuki, Stille, Negishi, and others on palladium-c...

The risk of long-term damage to the CNS after exposure to mixed solvents in work environments is controversial. Thirty-six workers were studied who had been exposed to organic solvents for more than 10 years (mean 24.5 years) in a working environment. The workers and unexposed controls were studied with a battery of neuropsychological and cognitive tests. Significant group differences were obse...

Acid catalyzed decomposition of C5 and C6 sugars has been considered an important source of biomass derived chemicals. An essential step in this process is the extraction of furfural, hydroxymethylfurfural and levulinic acid from aqueous phase. In this work, a computational screening of 178 organic solvents for simultaneous extraction of these chemicals from aqueous phase has been done with the...

background: organic solvents are known as a group of organic compounds, widely used in industry and to which many workers are exposed. neurotoxicity is one of the most important complications of the chronic exposure to the solvents and may causes neurobehavioral disorders in workers. we have studied the frequency of neurobehavioral disorders in workers exposed to organic solvents in one of the ...