Background: The Egyption fruit bat, Rousettus aegyptiacus, is considered a harmful pest that attacks agricultural crops, especially ripe fruits, causing economic losses. It widespread in African sahara desert, Egypt, Pakistan and Northern India. This causes damage to many vegetables fruits. measuring of percentage will aid the protection these crops from bats attacking. Methods: losses caused b...

Development of a control strategy for thrips attacking nectarine trees depends on an understanding of their phenology, distribution, and life history as related to characteristics of nectarine orchards. To this end, we compared the overwintering behavior, distribution, and abundance of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), among 11 nectarine orchards located in the dry c...

Citrus are one of the most important fruit crops in world, and citrus hybrid cv. Beni-Madonna (BM) is widely cultivated Xiangshan County China because its profitability. However, due to lack technical guidance management, nutritional unbalances trees occur frequently a major constraint for quality yield. In this study, soil status 62 orchards three diverse landforms (mountain, flat, coastal sal...

Alternative ways to control caterpillar pests and reduce the use of pesticides in apple orchards are in the interest of the environment, farmers and the public. Great tits have already been shown to reduce damage under high caterpillar density when breeding in nest boxes in an experimental apple orchard. We tested whether this reduction also occurs under practical conditions of Integrated Pest ...

Crop diversification and integration of livestock into cropping systems may improve the economic and environmental sustainability of agricultural systems. However, few studies have examined the integration of these practices in the semiarid areas of the Northern Great Plains (NGP). A 3-yr experiment was conducted near Bozeman, MT, to compare the effects of crop rotation diversity and weed manag...

Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were used to `®ngerprint' soil microbial communities that evolved during 25 years of wheat-fallow cropping following native mixed prairie sod at Sidney, Nebraska, USA. Total ester-linked FAMEs (EL-FAMEs) and phospholipid-linked FAMEs (PL-FAMEs) were compared for their ability to discriminate between plots remaining in sod and those cropped to wheat or left fallo...

     Drought is a disaster phenomenon especially in arid and semi-arid areas. Vegetation and its production play a main role in the social and economic issues in every country. In this study, Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data have been used to monitor drought and the vegetation condition in Sonqor Abad in, Kermanshah province.  Meteoro...

The efficacy of clean fallow, bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) as a rotational crop, and fenamiphos for control of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita race 1) and soilborne fungi in okra (Hibiscus esculentus), snapbean (Phaseolus vulgaris), and pepper (Capsicum annuum) production was evaluated in field tests from 1993 to 1995. Numbers of M. incognita in the soil and root-gall indices were ...

Flight periods of the cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cingulata (Loew), were compared in the major sweet and tart cherry-growing regions of Michigan, among neglected orchards, managed orchards, and natural areas containing the ancestral host, black cherry. Traps were deployed from early June to late September 2005 and 2006. Captures indicated that cherry fruit fly has an early flight (June-July) i...