maximum power point tracking controller is essential to obtain the maximum power from a solar array in the photovoltaic systems as the pv power module varies with the temperature and solar irradiation. in this paper, several methods for the mppt of the pv systems are discussed and it can to be used as a helpful reference for the upcoming mppt user in the pv applications.

One of the largest solar hard X-ray (HXR) flares and solar energetic particle (SEP) events recorded by the Mars Odyssey mission while orbiting Mars occurred on 2002 October 27 and is related to a very fast (∼2300 km s ) coronal mass ejection (CME). From the Earth, the flare site is 40.4 3.5 behind the solar limb and 1 only emissions from the high corona at least 1.5 # 10 km radially above the m...