Since their introduction in the 1960s the safety of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) has been widely debated. The difficulty in determining if COC use increases the risk of developing cancer is due to: • the long latent period between exposure to the potential carcinogen and overt malignant disease • the fact that due to the developments in COCs women are likely to have taken a variety of di...

A 46-year-old woman with a history of abnormal vaginal bleeding and who was taking oral contraceptive pills presented to the emergency department complaining of pain in her upper and lower extremities. Three weeks previously, she had experienced pain and swelling in her left lower extremity. Ten days previously, she had experienced left neck pain and facial swelling, but the symptoms disappeare...

In recent years, Americans have begun to use Depo only through prescription. Women's organizations and pro-feminist groups have developed a positive attitude towards its use in recent years. They regard Depo as one of the more convenient contraceptive methods; in contrast, oral contraceptive pills are highly used in America. There is a need of study intends to explore the socioeconomic status, ...

Contraceptive use among women Veterans may not be adequately captured using administrative and pharmacy codes. Clinical progress notes may provide a useful alternative. The objectives of this study were to validate the use of administrative and pharmacy codes to identify contraceptive use in Veterans Health Administration data, and to determine the feasibility and validity of identifying contra...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the frequency of cytohistologic discrepancy of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) in Pap smears and associated factors. METHODS Medical records of 223 women with HSIL Pap smears who were treated at Thammasat University Hospital were reviewed. Data on age, parity, menopausal status, contraceptive use and colposcopic directed biopsy and loop electrosurgic...

Prevention of ovarian carcinoma Oral contraceptive pills Use of oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) has been associated with a significant reduction in the risk of ovarian cancer. Specifically, after one year of use, the risk has been shown to decrease by 10–12%, and by approximately 50% after five years of use. The Cancer and Steroid Hormone (CASH) study researchers reported that the reduction in ...

• OTC oral contraceptives would represent an important advancement and complement to other strategies to enhance women’s access to the full range of contraceptive methods, but is insufficient as a stand-alone strategy and would be a poor replacement for insurance coverage of contraceptives. R eproductive health programs and key providers of reproductive health care are under siege in the United...

Whether or not the use of hormonal contraception affects risk of HIV acquisition is an important question for public health. We did a systematic review, searching PubMed and Embase, aiming to explore the possibility of an association between various forms of hormonal contraception and risk of HIV acquisition. We identified 20 relevant prospective studies, eight of which met our minimum quality ...

Background: Unsafe abortion is a major public health problem in low-and-middle income countries. Young and unmarried women constitute a high risk group for unsafe abortions. It has been estimated that widespread use of emergency contraception may significantly reduce the number of abortion-related morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and ex...

CONTEXT Despite a decision by the Food and Drug Administration to deny over-the-counter status to emergency contraceptive pills, pharmacists play a crucial role in a woman's access to this medication, especially in areas with large rural populations. Pharmacists' knowledge about and attitudes toward emergency contraceptive pills may affect whether pharmacies carry the medication and whether ind...