The problem of the regulation of activity of intestinal disaccharidases, especially lactase, has attracted the attention of researchers for many years (6,8); there are still many unresolved questions. This chapter, which deals with the authors' recent experiments with rats, summarizes data concerning (a) the effect of variation of carbohydrate intake on the activity of sucrase and lactase, (b) ...

In order to better understand the factors that may influence and regulate the intake of the macronutrients carbohydrate, fat and protein a 7 d diet diary technique was employed to study eating behaviour in the natural environment of free-living human subjects. In general, factors that promote energy intake tend to promote fat and protein intake to a greater extent than carbohydrate intake. This...

The day to day variation in the energy and carbohydrate intake of 168 children with diabetes on Tyneside and Teesside was less than that of 405 non-diabetic children. It was, however, still considerable, the average range of carbohydrate intake over three days being 51 g. The variation in carbohydrate intake was not related to diabetic control nor to the families' knowledge of diabetes. Complia...

OBJECTIVE Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is involved in the regulation of energy balance and adipose metabolism. Our previous genome-wide association study identified genetic variants in the FGF21 region associated with macronutrient intake preference. We investigated whether the FGF21 genotype modified effects of weight-loss diets varying in macronutrient intake on changes in adiposity in...

This study aimed to investigate energy substrate utilisation and nitrogen balance in low birthweight infants receiving total parenteral nutrition during the first days of life, and in particular, to determine the effect of two different glucose intakes on carbon dioxide production. Twenty infants (mean (SE) birthweight 1314 (65) g, mean (SE) gestation 30.9 (0.4) weeks) were recruited to the stu...

BACKGROUND The synthesis of albumin after oral ingestion of nutrients provides a means of storing amino acids, which can be made available during periods of fasting. OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to see whether the response of albumin synthesis to the oral intake of nutrients is compromised in elderly subjects. DESIGN Albumin synthesis was determined from the incorporation of 43 mg l-...

Extreme macronutrient intakes possibly lead to different brain signalling. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of ingesting high-protein v. high-carbohydrate food on liking and wanting task-related brain signalling (TRS) and subsequent macronutrient intake. A total of thirty female subjects (21.6 (SD 2.2) years, BMI 25.0 (SD 3.7) kg/m²) completed four functional MRI scans:...

In the present study, we investigated the biochemical alterations and gene expression of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism after oral administration of vitamin A and E for 2 months in diet-induced obese Wistar rats. Vitamin A and E administration reduced significantly the increase in body weight and food intake and normalized the alterations in lipid profiles in obese rats compared to normal ra...

Hip fractures represent a major clinical burden for patients. Studies on the effect of preoperative carbohydrate loading before different surgical interventions have shown promising results but not been tested in patients with hip fracture. This study aimed to investigate effects oral drinks postoperative energy intake and incidence complications after fracture surgery. was pilot using quasi-ex...

The link between dietary carbohydrate/protein and de novo lipogenesis (DNL) remains debatable in carnivorous fish. We aimed to evaluate and compare the response of hepatic lipogenic gene expression to dietary carbohydrate intake/glucose and dietary protein intake/amino acids (AAs) during acute stimulations using both in vivo and in vitro approaches. For the in vivo trial, three different diets ...