Maternal effects are the influence of maternal phenotype and maternally-provided environment on (i.e., expression traits) offspring. Frequently, manifest both before after parturition. Pre-parturition primarily direct allocation energy to offspring that is in utero . Post-parturition can include (e.g., nursing defending offspring) indirect selection habitat relatively safe or has high nutrition...

Background: Paraquat (PQ), an herbicide, is a very poisonous compound for both humans and animals. This study was conducted to examine the protective effect of the Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in newborn rats from pregnant rats pre-treated with PQ. Methods: The experiments were conducted on 25 rats, divided in five groups randomly and equally: 1 - Control Group received normal saline (0.1ml/day); 2...

Objective(s): The effect of litter size and suckling intensity on the expression of KiSS-1 mRNA in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of rats were evaluated. Materials and Methods: Thirty two pregnant and four non-lactating ovariectomized (as control group) rats were used in this experiment. Lactating rats were allotted to eight equal groups. In three groups, litter size was adjusted to 5, 10, or 15 pup...

The first ovulation and first oestrus after parturition were recorded in four groups of Merino ewes which: (a) reared their lambs normally, (b) were allowed to suckle their lambs only during three 1-hr periods each day, (c) had their lambs removed on the day after birth, or (d) had their lambs removed on the day after birth and were injected intramuscularly with 5 i.u. oxytocin ten times each d...

Objective- Evaluation of leg scoring as a method for hoof trimming neccesity. Design- Prospective randomised trial. Animals-  Hundred and sixty holstein dairy cows. Procedure- One hundred and fifty cows selected in a dairy farm in dry period 2-3 weeks before calving (stage one), all cows were photographed, right, left and overall scores (A three point scoring system, in which score one is fo...

Sometimes it is necessary to induce abortion/ parturition in cattle. The most common methods are by injections of either PGF2α (or an analogue) or dexamethasone/ flumethasone. If the induction is performed too early in pregnancy the likelihood of achieving parturition or abortion is low. In an experiment where dexamethasone was used to induce parturition in heifers (Kask et al. 2000 ab, Königss...

The effect of parity (multiparous vs primiparous) and body condition score (BCS; <3.0 or > or =3.0, lean vs fat) at parturition on metabolic and endocrine profiles from 1 month before to 2 months after parturition were studied in 42 Holstein cows grazing on improved pastures. BCS and milk production were determined every 2 weeks. Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta-hydroxy-butyrate (BHB), i...

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is secreted from the preantral and small antral follicles. It regulates follicle development and inhibits follicular atresia. This study examined how age, parity, and time after parturition affect plasma AMH concentrations in Japanese Black cows. We measured plasma AMH concentrations in primiparous, secundiparous, and multiparous (third parity or higher) cows at fou...