The human retina contains five photoreceptor types: rods; short (S)-, mid (M)-, and long (L)-wavelength-sensitive cones; and melanopsin-expressing ganglion cells. Recently, it has been shown that selective increments in M-cone activation are paradoxically perceived as brightness decrements, as opposed to L-cone increments. Here we show that similar effects are also observed in the pupillary lig...

Purpose We compared cone density measurements derived from the center of gaze-directed single images with reconstructed wide-field montages using the rtx1 adaptive optics (AO) retinal camera. Methods A total of 29 eyes from 29 healthy subjects were imaged with the rtx1 camera. Of 20 overlapping AO images acquired, 12 (at 3.2°, 5°, and 7°) were used for calculating gaze-directed cone densities...

Huang and Zhang cite{Huang} have introduced the concept of cone metric space where the set of real numbers is replaced by an ordered Banach space. Shojaei cite{shojaei} has obtained points of coincidence and common fixed points for s-Contraction mappings which satisfy generalized contractive type conditions in a complete cone metric space.In this paper, the notion of complete cone metric ...

In this paper, we introduce a concept of a generalized $c$-distance in ordered cone $b$-metric spaces and, by using the concept, we prove some fixed point theorems in ordered cone $b$-metric spaces. Our results generalize the corresponding results obtained by Y. J. Cho, R. Saadati, Shenghua Wang (Y. J. Cho, R. Saadati, Shenghua Wang, Common fixed point  heorems on generalized distance in ordere...

Deza, M., K. Fukuda and M. Laurent, The inequicut cone, Discrete Mathematics 119 (1993) 21-48. Given a complete graph K, on n nodes and a subset S of nodes, the cut 6(S) defined by S is the set of edges of K, with exactly one endnode in S. A cut 6(S) is an equicut if ISI =L n/2 1 or r n/2 1 and an inequicut, otherwise. The cut cone C. (or inequicut cone 1C.) is the cone generated by the inciden...

Coloured surfaces in the normal environment may be brighter or dimmer than the mean adaptation level. Changes in the firing rate of cells of the parvocellular layers of macaque lateral geniculate nucleus were studied with such stimuli; chromatic mixtures briefly replaced a white adaptation field. This paradigm is therefore one of successive contrast. Families of intensity-response curves for di...

Dark-adapted rods in the area surrounding a luminance-modulated field can suppress flicker detection. However, the characteristics of the interaction between rods and each of the cone types are unclear. To address this issue, the effect that dark-adapted rods have on specific classes of receptoral and postreceptoral signals was determined by measuring the critical fusion frequencies (CFF) for r...

We give an overview of cone optimization software, with special attention to the differences between the existing packages. We assume the reader is familiar with the theory and algorithms of cone optimization, thus technical details are kept at a minimum. We also outline current research trends and area of potential improvement. 1 Problem description Conic optimization solvers target problems o...

Photoreceptors are coupled via gap junctions in many mammalian species. Cone-to-cone coupling is thought to improve sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio, while rod-to-cone coupling provides an alternative rod pathway active under twilight or mesopic conditions (Smith et al., 1986; DeVries et al., 2002; Hornstein et al., 2005). Gap junctions are composed of connexins, and connexin36 (Cx36), the...