The American Academy of Pediatrics strongly supports the Polio Eradication and Endgame Strategic Plan of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative. This plan was endorsed in November 2012 by the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization of the World Health Organization and published by the World Health Organization in April 2013. As a key component of the plan, it will be necessary to s...

stability studies play a critical role in assuring product quality at all points in the vaccine life cycle. these studies used to determine vaccine expiry date and vaccine efficacy. accelerated stability and long term stability study performed for three batches of trivalent oral poliomyelitis vaccine (opv) and three batches of monovalent opv (type1) manufactured by razi institute. after samplin...

BACKGROUND Pakistan and Afghanistan are two of the three remaining countries yet to interrupt wild-type poliovirus transmission. The increasing incidence of poliomyelitis in these countries during 2010-11 led the Executive Board of WHO in January, 2012, to declare polio eradication a "programmatic emergency for global public health". We aimed to establish why incidence is rising in these countr...

Bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic (BHJ–OPV) devices have been the topic of ever increasing research efforts due to their potential to result in printable, inexpensive solar cells which can be processed onto fl exible substrates. [ 1–3 ] Typically, the active layer of the BHJ consists of an interpenetrating network of electrondonating conjugated polymers and electron-accepting fullerenes....

A PCR protocol was established that not only allows the detection of, but also the differentiation of species of the genus Orthopoxvirus. This assay was accomplished by the selection of oligonucleotides located within the gene that encodes the A-type inclusion protein of cowpox virus. The primer pair flanked a region exhibiting distinct and specific DNA deletions in the corresponding sequences ...

Time-dependent UV/visible absorption changes are observed on photolysis of aerated solutions of monodisperse, vinyl end-capped 2,5-diheptyloxyl substituted PV-oligomers (OPV, n = 1, 2, 3). In all cases, photolysis occurs in at least two distinct stages. Evidence for the intermediacy of singlet oxygen comes from pulse radiolysis and time-resolved luminescence studies, which confirm formation of ...

BACKGROUND The elimination of wild-virus-associated poliomyelitis in the Western Hemisphere in 1991 and rapid progress in global polio eradication efforts changed the risk-benefit ratio associated with the exclusive use of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) for routine immunization. These changes, plus the November 1987 development of an enhanced-potency inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV), which p...

INDIAN PEDIATRICS 204 VOLUME 41FEBRUARY 17, 2004 from about 1968. The very reasons for multiple doses of OPV and the need for pulse immunization are the occurrence of vaccine failure of three doses of OPV. Dr Paul is not on firm grounds when he declares that polio cannot be eradicated without first discovering the reason(s) for vaccine failure. Vaccine failure can be overcome by increasing the ...