Optical systems capable of three-dimensional transmission imaging are considered; these systems employ a conventional tomographic setup with an added linear shift-invariant optical system between the sample and the detector. A theoretical analysis is presented of image formation and sample reconstruction in such systems, examples of which include diffraction tomography and phase-contrast tomogr...

A novel method that uses a small mechanical lever has been developed to directly calibrate the lateral sensitivity of the optical lever in the atomic force microscope (AFM). The mechanical lever can convert the translation into a nanoscale rotation angle with a flexible hinge that provides an accurate conversion between the photodiode voltage output and torsional angle of a cantilever. During t...

Temperature-dependent ~300–10 K! reflectance measurements were made on h-Mo4O11 and g-Mo4O11 in the conducting b-c plane in the frequency range 30–8000 cm, for light polarized both parallel and perpendicular to the charge density wave ~CDW! direction ~b axis!. The optical conductivity was determined from a Kramers-Kronig analysis of the reflectance. The data clearly show strong suppression of t...

When an input Gaussian beam is improperly aligned and mode-matched to a stable optical resonator, the electric field in the resonator couples to off-axis spatial eigenmodes. We show that a translation of the input axis or a mismatch of the beam waist to the resonator waist size causes a coupling of off-axis modes which is inphase with the input field. On the other hand, a tilt of the input beam...

We describe the apparatus of a dark-line two-dimensional (2D) magneto-optical trap (MOT) of (85)Rb cold atoms with high optical depth (OD). Different from the conventional configuration, two (of three) pairs of trapping laser beams in our 2D MOT setup do not follow the symmetry axes of the quadrupole magnetic field: they are aligned with 45° angles to the longitudinal axis. Two orthogonal repum...

The Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) will see first light with a single primary mirror in January 2003. It will be equipped with fully adaptive secondary mirrors from the beginning as well as a complete on-axis wavefront sensing and tip-tilt guiding system. Here we present the preliminary design of the Acquisition, Guiding, and Wavefront sensing system for the LBT. The system is divided in an of...

We have shown that a reverse energy flow (negative projection of the Poynting vector onto optical axis) at sharp focus an vortex with topological charge 2 and left-hand circular polarization arises because axial spin has negative axis is greater in magnitude than positive orbital (canonical flow). Also, using Richards-Wolf formulas, it when focusing left-handed circularly polarized light, regio...

The standard reference frame for a camera C is a right-handed Cartesian frame with its origin at the center of projection of C, its positive Z axis pointing towards the scene along the optical axis of the lens, and itsX axis pointing to the right1 along the rows of the camera sensor. As a consequence, the Y axis points downwards along the columns of the sensor. Coordinates in the standard refer...

Recently observed c-axis optical sum rule violations indicate non-Fermi liquid in-plane behavior. For coherent c-axis coupling, the observed flat, nearly frequency independent c-axis conductivity σ 1 (ω) implies a large in-plane scattering rate Γ around (0, π) and therefore any pseudogap that might form at low frequency in the normal state will be smeared. On the other hand incoherent c-axis co...

We report on the interplane c-axis electronic response of FeTe(0.55)Se(0.45) investigated by infrared spectroscopy. We find that the normal-state c-axis electronic response of FeTe(0.55)Se(0.45) is incoherent and bears significant similarities to those of mildly underdoped cuprates. The c-axis optical conductivity σ(c)(ω) of FeTe(0.55)Se(0.45) does not display well-defined Drude response at all...