Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most common form of glau co ma, representing up to 90% of cases. POAG is described as a multifactorial optic neuropathy that is chronic and progressive with a characteristic ac quired loss of optic nerve fibres. This loss develops in the presence of open anterior chamber angles, characteristic visual field abnormalities, and in creased intraocular press...

morning glory syndrome (mgs) is a rare congenital optic disc anomaly characterized by a funnel-shaped, excavated optic disc surrounded by chorioretinal pigmentary disturbance. the main ophthalomoscopic feature of the mgs is enlarged optic disc with a funnel shaped scleral defect; elevated peripapillary chorioretinal pigmentation; and pale fluffy tissue of glial hyperplasia overlying the optic d...

Glaucoma, a leading cause of blindness worldwide, is currently defi ned as a disturbance of the structural or functional integrity of the optic nerve that causes characteristic atrophic changes in the optic nerve, which may lead to specifi c visual fi eld defects over time. This disturbance usually can be arrested or diminished by adequate lowering of intraocular pressure (IOP). Glaucoma can be...

conclusions demyelinating disease, anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, autoimmune disease, and hereditary optic neuropathy could cause optic neuropathy. normal cbc parameters and the absence of clinical manifestations of vitamin b12 deficiency could not rule out its diagnosis. careful physical examinations and history-taking with a classical app...

Glaucoma is the most common optic neuropathy characterized by normal to raised intraocular pressure (IOP), visual field defects, loss of retinal nerve fiber layer, thinning of the neuroretinal rim, and cupping of the optic disc. IOP reduction by medical, laser, or surgical therapies remains the only clinically proven treatment of glaucoma. The challenges in glaucoma management are diverse. They...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate vitreous glutamate concentration and axon loss in monkeys with experimental glaucoma. METHODS We induced unilateral chronic glaucoma by means of laser trabecular destruction in 14 rhesus and 6 cynomolgus monkeys. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was monitored weekly. We assessed optic nerve damage clinically and photographically. Vitreous, sampled immediately before enucleatio...

Tritiated leucine was injected into the vitreous of owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus) to make it available to retinal ganglion cells for protein synthesis. Intraocular pressure was maintained for eight hours at selected levels between 15 and 105 mm. Hg. Autoradiography and scintillation counting were used to follow the movement of the labeled protein along the axons from the retinal ganglion cell...

Imaging studies in typical glaucomatous cupping are usually needless. This article reviews the various clinical presentations for considering imaging in patients presenting with cupped disc.

Congenital abnormalities of the optic disc are not so rare. The etiology for the most of them is unknown. Visual acuity of affected eye may be minimally or severely affected, depending on the extent of lesion. All of these conditions can be unilateral or bilateral. Children who have unilateral optic disc abnormalities generally present during the preschool years with sensory esotropia. Visual a...

A 20-year-old male patient presented at our clinic complaining of strange visual experiences (neither decreased nor blurred) and a mild headache while reading. His best corrected visual acuity revealed 20/20 with a fort myopic correction. Intraocular pressures measured with Dynamic Contour Tonometer (DCT) (Swiss Microtechnology AG, Port, Switzerland) were 23.3 mmHg in the right eye (OD) and 27....