The authors make an update of pachychoroid in a group of the choroidal-retinal diseases that choroidal thickening is an usualenhanced depth image optic coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) finding like as central serous chorioretinopathy, pachychoroid neovasculopathy, polipoidal choroidal vasculopathy and pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy.

Primary calcareous degeneration is a rare corneal disease. In the past 50 years, only four cases have been described. We present the case of a 26-year-old male patient with progressive calcium deposition in both eyes with negative laboratory parameters. For the first time, anterior segment optic coherence tomography was used to investigate and establish the proper treatment.

A novel swept-laser-based Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography system using an electro-optic phase modulator was demonstrated. The imaging range was doubled by cancellation of the mirror image. The elimination of low-frequency noises resulting from dc and autocorrelation terms increased the sensitivity by 20 dB.

Purpose The incidence of syphilitic infections continues to rise and represents a major public health concern, particularly in patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The infection has a multitude of clinical presentations and is often referred to as the 'great imitator.' We present a rare case of an isolated presumed syphilitic optic nerve gumma and characterize it using ...