Gender, a biological determinant of mental health and illness, plays a critical role in determining patients' susceptibility, exposure to mental health risks, and related outcomes. Regarding sex differences in the epidemiology of opioid dependence, one third of the patients are women of childbearing age. Women have an earlier age of initiation of substance use and a more rapid progression to dr...

In this communication we show that T cell locomotion is affected by direct interaction with neurohormones. Opioid peptides, including beta-END, MET-ENK, LEU-ENK, and related enkephalin analogues enhanced migration of human peripheral blood T lymphocytes. Activity was dependent on the peptide NH2-terminal sequence, stimulated by enkephalin analogues with specificity for classical delta or mu typ...

Repeated use of opiate analgesic drugs such as morphine for the relief of chronic pain may result in the development of opiate tolerance and dependence, leading to a narrowing of the drug's therapeutic index and increased side effects. Previous preclinical work has shown that interruption of a signaling cascade involving the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and NO prevents morphine tolerance. In t...

background: work-related musculoskeletal disorders are the most important factors of absent from work, increased costs and human damages experienced by workers. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders of nurses in al-zahra hospital and the effect of eight-week selected corrective exercises and ergonomic interventions on them. methods: nord...

background: adjustment disorder (ajd) is a transient mental health condition emerging after stressful life events. its diagnostic criteria have recently been under revision which led to the development of the adjustment disorder–new module 20 (adnm-20) as a self-report assessment. objective: to identify a threshold value for people at high risk for ajd. methods: as part of a randomized controll...

background: the use of methamphetamine and other drugs among young adults has been a theme of growing interest and concern on the part of researchers and health associations. this paper reports recent use of methamphetamine and its relation with some demographic variables among substance users in west of iran. method s: this cross-sectional study was carried out on 559 substance users of hamada...

the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of emotional regulation training group therapy, based on dialectical behavioral therapy (dbt) and cognitive therapy, on improving emotional regulation and distress tolerance skills and relapse prevention in addicts.in a quasiexperimental study, 39 patients with the diagnosis of opioid dependence based on dsm-iv criteria were randoml...

purpose: to ascertain the role of social support and positive affect in prediction of addiction relapse. materials and methods: the research method was a causal-comparison. population included all the clients seeking for medical advice in the centers for addiction treatment in saravan and iranshar. the sample includes 186 participants (83 participants had no relapse and 83 participants had rela...

background: tramadol overdose is relatively common in iran. a series of tramadol poisoned patients with paresthesia and decreased muscle strength are described. methods: in this prospective cross-sectional study, all referred cases to mashhad medical toxicology center with suspected tramadol poisoning between 1st july 2010 and 1st september 2012 were included. patients with mixed overdose, hist...

conclusions it is suggested that for addiction rehabilitation and relapse prevention, health practitioners should not only provide an intervention program to their patients, but they should design a program for families to participate in the treatment as well so that patients can function at a higher level of wellness. therefore, the family participation program should be reinforced as part of ...