We thank Warrick et al. (2014) for the Comment on our recent synthesis of 10Be-derived denudation rates (Willenbring et al., 2013), in which we suggested that gently sloping areas, representing ∼90% of the Earth’s land surface, have sufficiently high rates of denudation to produce a majority of mass fluxes to the world’s ocean. First, Warrick et al. take issue with labeling our global cosmogeni...

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) produced by autotaxin (ATX) is recognized as a multi-functional mediator in mammalian reproduction. This study focused on possible effect(s) of LPA on ovulated cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) around fertilization in rats in vivo. Immunohistochemistry revealed the cell-type-dependent localization of candidates of synthetic enzymes, ATX and two phospholipases A2 isofro...

Denudation is one of the main processes that shapes landscapes. Because temperature, precipitation and glacial extents are key factors involved in denudation, climatic fluctuations thought to exert a strong control on this parameter over geological timescales. However, direct impacts variations denudation remain controversial, particularly those involving Quaternary cycles mountain environments...

To test the ability of regenerated endothelium to evoke endothelium-dependent relaxations, male Yorkshire pigs underwent balloon endothelial denudation of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery. Endothelium-dependent responses were examined in vitro, in rings of coronary segments taken from the denuded area or from the proximal left circumflex coronary artery. The experiments wer...

BACKGROUND The use of immature oocytes is limited to cases where these are the only available oocytes, and they are usually only microinjected with sperm after having undergone maturation in vitro. This study compares the outcome of injection of sperm into metaphase I oocytes immediately after their denudation (MI) performed 2 h after their retrieval, with the outcome of injection of sperm into...